B234 Final Exam Study Guide With
Complete Solutions
What has the greatest impact on our health... access to health care or our
behaviors? - ANSWER Healthy behaviors, makes up 50% of what makes us
healthy
What is upstream thinking? - ANSWER Trying to prevent problems from
happening before they happen
ex: SIDS - found out that laying a baby on its stomach when sleeping was one
cause of SIDS so nurses began teaching new mothers how the baby is supposed
to sleep along with billboards, PSAs
Know examples of upstream thinking. - ANSWER - Postpartum nurse educating
on safe sleep habits
- Diabetic educator teaching kids how to count carbs
- American Heart Association offering cooking classes
- Nurses providing smoking cessation classes
- Red Cross nurse teaching parenting class
- Nurse teaching QPR prevention courses to teachers
- Super Shots trying to immunize as many kids as possible
What are health disparities? - ANSWER Systematic potentially avoidable health
differences that adversely affect socially disadvantaged groups; "health
inequalities"
What groups of individuals tend to experience health disparities? - ANSWER
Race/ethnic minorities (African American, Hispanic, native American), LGBTQ,
disabled
Know which groups of individuals are considered to be vulnerable populations. -
ANSWER - Poverty = stress, budgeting
- Racial/ethnic minorities = hit harder
- Uninsured = risk for poor health outcome
- Children and elderly = more vulnerable
- Lack of education = harder times with health outcomes
What is Healthy People 2030? - ANSWER Provides science-based, 10-year
national objectives for improving the health of all Americans
,What are social determinants of health? - ANSWER The circumstances in which
people are born, grow up, live, work, and age, as well as the systems put in
place to deal with illness
What are the five social determinants of health? - ANSWER 1. Neighborhood and
built environment = is it safe? Affordable?
Ex: housing, transportation, safety, parks, walkability
2. Health and health care = does the patient have health insurance?
Ex: health coverage, provider availability, quality of care
3. Economic stability = does the patient have a job that pays the bills, allowing
for a focus on improving health?
Ex: employment, income, expenses, debt, medical bills
4. Education = what is the patients' health literacy level?
Ex: literacy, language
5. Social and community context = does the patient have a support system of
friends and family who embrace the importance of changing habits to obtain
better health?
Ex: support systems, community engagement, discrimination
What is the Health Belief Model and what does it describe? - ANSWER Analyzes
the probability of making changes to improve health
Used to describe why some people take actions to prevent a disease and others
don't
Ex: why do people still smoke?
What patient perceptions are important before one will be willing to take action
or make a change? - ANSWER - Perceived susceptibility: perception of the risk
of acquiring a disease
- Perceived severity: feelings on the seriousness of contracting a disease
- Risk factors
- Perceived benefits of health action: perception of the effectiveness of various
actions available to reduce the threat of disease
- Perceived barriers: feelings on the obstacles to performing a recommended
health action (expensive, painful, side effects)
- Cues to action: symptoms, media, information
What is self-efficacy and why is it important? - ANSWER Refers to the level of a
person's confidence in their ability to successfully perform a behavior.
Likelihood of behavioral change happens when perceived benefits are greater
than perceived barriers
, What is health coaching? - ANSWER Partnering with clients in a thought-
provoking and creative process that inspires them to maximize their personal
and professional potential
What is a risk factor? - ANSWER Something that increases the chance of
developing a disease
Know which risk factors are modifiable and which are non-modifiable for heart
disease. - ANSWER Modifiable risk: individual has control
Ex: exercise, not smoking
Non-modifiable risk: individual has little to no control
Ex: age, genetics
What is a SMART goal? - ANSWER Setting of objectives
S: specific
M: measurable
A: attainable
R: realistic
T: timely
How many minutes each week should an adult exercise if exercising
moderately? - ANSWER At least 150 minutes each week (walking briskly,
ballroom dancing)
How many minutes each week should an adult exercise if exercising vigorously?
- ANSWER At least 75 minutes each week (jogging, or running, swimming,
jumping rope)
What are key attributes of Care Coordination (CC)? - ANSWER -
Interprofessional team
- Proactive plan of care
- Targeted set of purposeful activities
- Proactive follow-up
- Communication
What population groups/diagnoses benefit from care coordination? - ANSWER
People with multiple diagnoses or people with diabetes, or cancer
What is SBAR/ISBARR? What does each letter represent? - ANSWER S =
Situation: what is the situation?
B = Background: what is the clinical background?
A = Assessment: what is the problem?
R = Request/Recommendation: what do I recommend/request to be done?
Complete Solutions
What has the greatest impact on our health... access to health care or our
behaviors? - ANSWER Healthy behaviors, makes up 50% of what makes us
healthy
What is upstream thinking? - ANSWER Trying to prevent problems from
happening before they happen
ex: SIDS - found out that laying a baby on its stomach when sleeping was one
cause of SIDS so nurses began teaching new mothers how the baby is supposed
to sleep along with billboards, PSAs
Know examples of upstream thinking. - ANSWER - Postpartum nurse educating
on safe sleep habits
- Diabetic educator teaching kids how to count carbs
- American Heart Association offering cooking classes
- Nurses providing smoking cessation classes
- Red Cross nurse teaching parenting class
- Nurse teaching QPR prevention courses to teachers
- Super Shots trying to immunize as many kids as possible
What are health disparities? - ANSWER Systematic potentially avoidable health
differences that adversely affect socially disadvantaged groups; "health
inequalities"
What groups of individuals tend to experience health disparities? - ANSWER
Race/ethnic minorities (African American, Hispanic, native American), LGBTQ,
disabled
Know which groups of individuals are considered to be vulnerable populations. -
ANSWER - Poverty = stress, budgeting
- Racial/ethnic minorities = hit harder
- Uninsured = risk for poor health outcome
- Children and elderly = more vulnerable
- Lack of education = harder times with health outcomes
What is Healthy People 2030? - ANSWER Provides science-based, 10-year
national objectives for improving the health of all Americans
,What are social determinants of health? - ANSWER The circumstances in which
people are born, grow up, live, work, and age, as well as the systems put in
place to deal with illness
What are the five social determinants of health? - ANSWER 1. Neighborhood and
built environment = is it safe? Affordable?
Ex: housing, transportation, safety, parks, walkability
2. Health and health care = does the patient have health insurance?
Ex: health coverage, provider availability, quality of care
3. Economic stability = does the patient have a job that pays the bills, allowing
for a focus on improving health?
Ex: employment, income, expenses, debt, medical bills
4. Education = what is the patients' health literacy level?
Ex: literacy, language
5. Social and community context = does the patient have a support system of
friends and family who embrace the importance of changing habits to obtain
better health?
Ex: support systems, community engagement, discrimination
What is the Health Belief Model and what does it describe? - ANSWER Analyzes
the probability of making changes to improve health
Used to describe why some people take actions to prevent a disease and others
don't
Ex: why do people still smoke?
What patient perceptions are important before one will be willing to take action
or make a change? - ANSWER - Perceived susceptibility: perception of the risk
of acquiring a disease
- Perceived severity: feelings on the seriousness of contracting a disease
- Risk factors
- Perceived benefits of health action: perception of the effectiveness of various
actions available to reduce the threat of disease
- Perceived barriers: feelings on the obstacles to performing a recommended
health action (expensive, painful, side effects)
- Cues to action: symptoms, media, information
What is self-efficacy and why is it important? - ANSWER Refers to the level of a
person's confidence in their ability to successfully perform a behavior.
Likelihood of behavioral change happens when perceived benefits are greater
than perceived barriers
, What is health coaching? - ANSWER Partnering with clients in a thought-
provoking and creative process that inspires them to maximize their personal
and professional potential
What is a risk factor? - ANSWER Something that increases the chance of
developing a disease
Know which risk factors are modifiable and which are non-modifiable for heart
disease. - ANSWER Modifiable risk: individual has control
Ex: exercise, not smoking
Non-modifiable risk: individual has little to no control
Ex: age, genetics
What is a SMART goal? - ANSWER Setting of objectives
S: specific
M: measurable
A: attainable
R: realistic
T: timely
How many minutes each week should an adult exercise if exercising
moderately? - ANSWER At least 150 minutes each week (walking briskly,
ballroom dancing)
How many minutes each week should an adult exercise if exercising vigorously?
- ANSWER At least 75 minutes each week (jogging, or running, swimming,
jumping rope)
What are key attributes of Care Coordination (CC)? - ANSWER -
Interprofessional team
- Proactive plan of care
- Targeted set of purposeful activities
- Proactive follow-up
- Communication
What population groups/diagnoses benefit from care coordination? - ANSWER
People with multiple diagnoses or people with diabetes, or cancer
What is SBAR/ISBARR? What does each letter represent? - ANSWER S =
Situation: what is the situation?
B = Background: what is the clinical background?
A = Assessment: what is the problem?
R = Request/Recommendation: what do I recommend/request to be done?
