OHS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(SCORED A+)
Physical Agents - ANSWERSources of energy that may cause injury or disease
Ambient - ANSWER-All-encompassing condition associated with a given
environment
-Composite of inputs from sources all around us
Noise - ANSWER-any unwanted noise
-standards for measurement: decibel (dB)
Threshold of hearing - ANSWERRange of sound that human ear can perceive or
hear
Hearing response conditional on three characteristics - ANSWER-Frequency
-Duration
-Loudness
Types of Hearing Loss - ANSWER-Physiological Damage
-Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS)
-Permanent Threshold Shift
Physiological Damage - ANSWER1)Conductive Hearing Loss: Restricts transmission
of sound to cochlea or inner ear
2)Sensorineural Hearing Loss (Nerve Deafness): Affects the cochlea and is usually
irreversible
Temporary Threshold Shift - ANSWER-gradual hearing loss
-can sometimes be reversed by removal from noise source
Permanent Threshold Shift - ANSWERHearing disability that is permanent and may
not be correctable
Signs of Hearing Loss - ANSWER-Indications of exposure to excessive noise levels
-Early warning change
Indications of Exposure to Excessive Noise Levels - ANSWER-ringing in ears
(tinnitus)
-raising volume on radio or television
Early Warning Change - ANSWER-deterioration of hearing in upper frequency
-the earliest detectable sign of noise-induced hearing loss
Control Noise at the Source - ANSWER-add sound-absorbing materials
-place vibration padding under it
,-redesign the operation so the machine performs differently
-isolate machine in separate room or sound-deadening enclosure
-purchase a new machine
Control Noise at the Path - ANSWER-Move worker away from source and/or erect
sound barriers between noise and worker
-As the distance from the sound source is doubled, the noise level will drop by a
fixed amount
-Attenuation: Reduction of noise at one location compared with another farther from
the source
Noise control at the Human - ANSWER-PPE
-job rotation
-relocation
-isolation
-automation
-rest periods
-site design
Noise Exposure Test Equipment - ANSWER-Sound pressure level meter
-Octave band analyzer
-Audiometer
Sound Pressure Level Meter - ANSWERMeasures gross noise level
Octave Band Analyzer - ANSWERMeasures noise level in each frequency range
Audiometer - ANSWERInstrument used to determine sensitivity of a person's hearing
Vibration - ANSWEROscillating motion of body moving about a reference position
Reasonance - ANSWERObject reacts strongly to some particular frequency
Whole Body Vibration - ANSWER-Affects the whole body as a unit
-Health effects:
-inhibition of muscular reflexes
-impaired or blurred vision
-alterations of brain electrical activity
Segmental Vibration Health Effects - ANSWER-sore neck and shoulder muscles
-sore joints
-Raynaud's phenomenon, or white fingers, caused by restricted blood circulation in
the fingers
-Neuritis and degenerative alterations of central nervous system
-Fragmentation
-Necrosis (death or decay of tissue)
-Decalcification of the carpal bones (loss of calcium)
-Muscle atrophy and tenosynovitis
, Thermal Stress - ANSWERCold and hot temperature extremes coupled with high
humidity
Homeostasis - ANSWERBalance of heat generation
Heat-Related Illnesses - ANSWER-heat edema
-fainting/weaknesses/dizziness
-headache/nausea/vomiting
-heat rash
-heat cramps
-heat exhaustion
-heat stroke
Two levels of heat stroke - ANSWER-classical heat stroke
-exertional heat stroke
Risk factors for cold-related illnesses - ANSWER-age
-gender
-fatigue
-diseases
-health conditions
-consuming drugs or alcohol
-smoking
Cold Environments - ANSWER-risk factors for cold-related illnesses
-non-freezing (temperatures above freezing mark) injuries
-freezing injuries
Ionizing Radiation - ANSWERElectromagnetic energy capable of producing ions
through interaction with matter
-x-rays (commonly found in medical facilities)
-gamma rays, alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons (commonly found in
nuclear operations or research companies)
Control of Ionizing Radiation Exposure - ANSWER-regular monitoring
-shielding
-job rotation
-protective equipment
-extensive training
Non-ionizing radiation - ANSWERElectromagnetic radiation that does not have
energies great enough to ionize matter:
-ultraviolet radiation
-visible (white light) radiation
-infrared radiation
-microwave radiation
-radio waves
Sun can be a source of all these radiations
Control of non-ionizing radiation exposures - ANSWER-isolation
ANSWERS(SCORED A+)
Physical Agents - ANSWERSources of energy that may cause injury or disease
Ambient - ANSWER-All-encompassing condition associated with a given
environment
-Composite of inputs from sources all around us
Noise - ANSWER-any unwanted noise
-standards for measurement: decibel (dB)
Threshold of hearing - ANSWERRange of sound that human ear can perceive or
hear
Hearing response conditional on three characteristics - ANSWER-Frequency
-Duration
-Loudness
Types of Hearing Loss - ANSWER-Physiological Damage
-Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS)
-Permanent Threshold Shift
Physiological Damage - ANSWER1)Conductive Hearing Loss: Restricts transmission
of sound to cochlea or inner ear
2)Sensorineural Hearing Loss (Nerve Deafness): Affects the cochlea and is usually
irreversible
Temporary Threshold Shift - ANSWER-gradual hearing loss
-can sometimes be reversed by removal from noise source
Permanent Threshold Shift - ANSWERHearing disability that is permanent and may
not be correctable
Signs of Hearing Loss - ANSWER-Indications of exposure to excessive noise levels
-Early warning change
Indications of Exposure to Excessive Noise Levels - ANSWER-ringing in ears
(tinnitus)
-raising volume on radio or television
Early Warning Change - ANSWER-deterioration of hearing in upper frequency
-the earliest detectable sign of noise-induced hearing loss
Control Noise at the Source - ANSWER-add sound-absorbing materials
-place vibration padding under it
,-redesign the operation so the machine performs differently
-isolate machine in separate room or sound-deadening enclosure
-purchase a new machine
Control Noise at the Path - ANSWER-Move worker away from source and/or erect
sound barriers between noise and worker
-As the distance from the sound source is doubled, the noise level will drop by a
fixed amount
-Attenuation: Reduction of noise at one location compared with another farther from
the source
Noise control at the Human - ANSWER-PPE
-job rotation
-relocation
-isolation
-automation
-rest periods
-site design
Noise Exposure Test Equipment - ANSWER-Sound pressure level meter
-Octave band analyzer
-Audiometer
Sound Pressure Level Meter - ANSWERMeasures gross noise level
Octave Band Analyzer - ANSWERMeasures noise level in each frequency range
Audiometer - ANSWERInstrument used to determine sensitivity of a person's hearing
Vibration - ANSWEROscillating motion of body moving about a reference position
Reasonance - ANSWERObject reacts strongly to some particular frequency
Whole Body Vibration - ANSWER-Affects the whole body as a unit
-Health effects:
-inhibition of muscular reflexes
-impaired or blurred vision
-alterations of brain electrical activity
Segmental Vibration Health Effects - ANSWER-sore neck and shoulder muscles
-sore joints
-Raynaud's phenomenon, or white fingers, caused by restricted blood circulation in
the fingers
-Neuritis and degenerative alterations of central nervous system
-Fragmentation
-Necrosis (death or decay of tissue)
-Decalcification of the carpal bones (loss of calcium)
-Muscle atrophy and tenosynovitis
, Thermal Stress - ANSWERCold and hot temperature extremes coupled with high
humidity
Homeostasis - ANSWERBalance of heat generation
Heat-Related Illnesses - ANSWER-heat edema
-fainting/weaknesses/dizziness
-headache/nausea/vomiting
-heat rash
-heat cramps
-heat exhaustion
-heat stroke
Two levels of heat stroke - ANSWER-classical heat stroke
-exertional heat stroke
Risk factors for cold-related illnesses - ANSWER-age
-gender
-fatigue
-diseases
-health conditions
-consuming drugs or alcohol
-smoking
Cold Environments - ANSWER-risk factors for cold-related illnesses
-non-freezing (temperatures above freezing mark) injuries
-freezing injuries
Ionizing Radiation - ANSWERElectromagnetic energy capable of producing ions
through interaction with matter
-x-rays (commonly found in medical facilities)
-gamma rays, alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons (commonly found in
nuclear operations or research companies)
Control of Ionizing Radiation Exposure - ANSWER-regular monitoring
-shielding
-job rotation
-protective equipment
-extensive training
Non-ionizing radiation - ANSWERElectromagnetic radiation that does not have
energies great enough to ionize matter:
-ultraviolet radiation
-visible (white light) radiation
-infrared radiation
-microwave radiation
-radio waves
Sun can be a source of all these radiations
Control of non-ionizing radiation exposures - ANSWER-isolation
