Molecular
Latset Cell
2025/2026Bio Practice|
Exam 3, A+
Exams of Nursing|Graded
Certified Pass
• Palmitoylation - ANSWERS-
What are post-translational modifications? - ANSWERS-modifications that occur to
the protein after they are translated
-How do proteins achieve their final conformation? • - ANSWERS--Through folding
and post-translational modifications
-Linear sequence of amino acid is the one thing that dictates the final shape
-Why is conformation important? - ANSWERS-the two most important
determinants/regulators of protein function are shape (conformation) and cellular
localization
-What's the role of chaperons? - ANSWERS-• They are heat shock proteins that
prevent protein aggregation, to do so they maintain the protein in an open
conformation
• They do not tell proteins to fold!
What kind of physiological conditions trigger an upregulation in the synthesis of
chaperons? - ANSWERS-Heat shock and other stress conditions
Are there any diseases associated with protein mis-filding? - ANSWERS-yes
Causes of Hutington's? - ANSWERS-Expansion if Poly Guatinime Q() repeats
HD What is a normal protein Q #? - ANSWERS-33 or less
, Amount of Qs in a HD protein? - ANSWERS-36 or more
What is Alzheimer's disease associated to? - ANSWERS-A Mis-folded Amyloid
Precursor Protein APP
What is Osteogenesis associated to? - ANSWERS-Disease that causes fragility to
the bones and is causes by mis-dolling of collagen type 1
Post-trasnatinal modifications almos ALYWASLEAD TO ALTERATIONS IN THE
SHAPE/ CONFIRMATION of the protein - ANSWERS-true
What is the only irreversible protein post-translational modification? - ANSWERS-
Protein Cleavage
What is the most transient form of post-transaional modification? - ANSWERS-
Phosphorylation
Glycosylation occurs where? - ANSWERS-Asparagine, Serine, or Threonine
residues
Lipidation - ANSWERS-Addition of hydrophobic to protein
Farnesylation - ANSWERS-Located at -4 position (at the tail, C-terminus, far end
near carboxyl end). Removes extra tail and add lipid. Needs a cysteine residue.
Occurs in cytosol.
Myristoylation - ANSWERS-Addition to head (N-terminus), removes initiating
methionine
Palmitoylation - ANSWERS-Added when cysteine is present in the middle of the
protein. (attached like a palm tree)
Latset Cell
2025/2026Bio Practice|
Exam 3, A+
Exams of Nursing|Graded
Certified Pass
• Palmitoylation - ANSWERS-
What are post-translational modifications? - ANSWERS-modifications that occur to
the protein after they are translated
-How do proteins achieve their final conformation? • - ANSWERS--Through folding
and post-translational modifications
-Linear sequence of amino acid is the one thing that dictates the final shape
-Why is conformation important? - ANSWERS-the two most important
determinants/regulators of protein function are shape (conformation) and cellular
localization
-What's the role of chaperons? - ANSWERS-• They are heat shock proteins that
prevent protein aggregation, to do so they maintain the protein in an open
conformation
• They do not tell proteins to fold!
What kind of physiological conditions trigger an upregulation in the synthesis of
chaperons? - ANSWERS-Heat shock and other stress conditions
Are there any diseases associated with protein mis-filding? - ANSWERS-yes
Causes of Hutington's? - ANSWERS-Expansion if Poly Guatinime Q() repeats
HD What is a normal protein Q #? - ANSWERS-33 or less
, Amount of Qs in a HD protein? - ANSWERS-36 or more
What is Alzheimer's disease associated to? - ANSWERS-A Mis-folded Amyloid
Precursor Protein APP
What is Osteogenesis associated to? - ANSWERS-Disease that causes fragility to
the bones and is causes by mis-dolling of collagen type 1
Post-trasnatinal modifications almos ALYWASLEAD TO ALTERATIONS IN THE
SHAPE/ CONFIRMATION of the protein - ANSWERS-true
What is the only irreversible protein post-translational modification? - ANSWERS-
Protein Cleavage
What is the most transient form of post-transaional modification? - ANSWERS-
Phosphorylation
Glycosylation occurs where? - ANSWERS-Asparagine, Serine, or Threonine
residues
Lipidation - ANSWERS-Addition of hydrophobic to protein
Farnesylation - ANSWERS-Located at -4 position (at the tail, C-terminus, far end
near carboxyl end). Removes extra tail and add lipid. Needs a cysteine residue.
Occurs in cytosol.
Myristoylation - ANSWERS-Addition to head (N-terminus), removes initiating
methionine
Palmitoylation - ANSWERS-Added when cysteine is present in the middle of the
protein. (attached like a palm tree)
