MN551: ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
MN551: FINAL EXAM 2025-2026|ACTUAL
120Qs&As|GRADED A+|PURDUE UNIVERSITY
A 32-year-old man is complaining of burning, itching, photophobia, and severe
pain in his right eye after swimming in the ocean. To determine that the eye
condition is corneal rather than a conjunctival disease, which of the following
would be the distinguishing symptom?
A.) Burning
B.) Itching
c.) photophobia
D.) Severe pain
Severe pain
A woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been ordered by her primary
care provider to have a hemoglobin A1C test for the first time. The woman
states, "I don't see why you want to test my blood cells when it's sugar that's
the problem." What aspect of physiology will underlie the care provider's
response to the patient?
A.)The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood
glucose levels over the life of the cell.
B)Hemoglobin synthesis by the bone marrow is inversely proportionate to
blood glucose levels, with low A1C indicating hyperglycemia.
C)The high metabolic needs of red cells and their affinity for free glucose
indicate the amount of glucose that has been available over 6 to 12 weeks.
,MN551: ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
D)Insulin is a glucose receptor agonist on the hemoglobin molecule, and high
glucose suggests low insulin levels.
The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose
levels over the life of the cell.
A 30 year old man with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is aware of the multiple
effects that insulin has on his metabolism. Which of the following
physiological processes are actions of insulin?
Facilitating triglycerides from glucose in fat cells
A three-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes and her
parents are currently receiving education from the diabetes education nurse at
the hospital where their daughter is receiving treatment. How can the nurse
best explain the etiology of their daughter's health problem to her parents?
A.) Environmental and lifestyle factors are known to play a part in the fact that
her pancreas secretes and withholds insulin at the wrong times."
B.) "This tendency to produce insufficient amounts of insulin is likely
something that she inherited."
C.) "It's not known exactly why your daughter has completely stopped making
insulin, and treatment will consist of your rigidly controlling her diet."
D.) "The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has
destroyed the cells in herpancreas that produce insulin
"The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed
the cells in her pancreas that produce insulin."
,MN551: ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the role of
hormones in the body?
A.) Some chemical substances can function as hormones or be integrated with
the central and peripheral nervous systems.
B)Hormones directly initiate many of the processes that contribute to
homeostasis.
C)Control of body processes is ensured by the fact that a single hormone can
only exert one effect on one specific system or tissue.
D)Each hormone that exists in the body is produced by only one specific
endocrine gland.
Some chemical substances can function as either hormones or
neurotransmitters.
What does a high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate?
A.) Thyroid nodule
B.) Hyperthyroidism
C.) Myxedema
D.) Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Which of the following statements best captures the role of the adrenal cortex
in maintaining homeostasis?
, MN551: ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
Question 1 options:
A. Normal sexual function is dependent on adequate adrenal cortical function.
B. Redundant, secondary production of adrenal cortical hormones can
compensate for the loss of the adrenal glands.
C. The adrenal cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
D. The adrenal cortex is responsible for the production of epinephrine and
norepinephrine, which are part of the sympathetic nervous system.
The adrenal cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
A three-year-old girl has been diagnosed with amblyopia. Which of the
following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to underlie her health
problem?
Question 2 options:
a. The child may have a neural pathway disorder
b. She may have been born with infantile cataracts
c. The girl may have chronic bacterial conjunctivitis
d. The child may have a congenital deficit of rods and/or cones
She may have been born with infantile cataracts
Which of the following statements best describes an aspect of the normal
process of glucose metabolism?
MN551: FINAL EXAM 2025-2026|ACTUAL
120Qs&As|GRADED A+|PURDUE UNIVERSITY
A 32-year-old man is complaining of burning, itching, photophobia, and severe
pain in his right eye after swimming in the ocean. To determine that the eye
condition is corneal rather than a conjunctival disease, which of the following
would be the distinguishing symptom?
A.) Burning
B.) Itching
c.) photophobia
D.) Severe pain
Severe pain
A woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been ordered by her primary
care provider to have a hemoglobin A1C test for the first time. The woman
states, "I don't see why you want to test my blood cells when it's sugar that's
the problem." What aspect of physiology will underlie the care provider's
response to the patient?
A.)The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood
glucose levels over the life of the cell.
B)Hemoglobin synthesis by the bone marrow is inversely proportionate to
blood glucose levels, with low A1C indicating hyperglycemia.
C)The high metabolic needs of red cells and their affinity for free glucose
indicate the amount of glucose that has been available over 6 to 12 weeks.
,MN551: ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
D)Insulin is a glucose receptor agonist on the hemoglobin molecule, and high
glucose suggests low insulin levels.
The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose
levels over the life of the cell.
A 30 year old man with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is aware of the multiple
effects that insulin has on his metabolism. Which of the following
physiological processes are actions of insulin?
Facilitating triglycerides from glucose in fat cells
A three-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes and her
parents are currently receiving education from the diabetes education nurse at
the hospital where their daughter is receiving treatment. How can the nurse
best explain the etiology of their daughter's health problem to her parents?
A.) Environmental and lifestyle factors are known to play a part in the fact that
her pancreas secretes and withholds insulin at the wrong times."
B.) "This tendency to produce insufficient amounts of insulin is likely
something that she inherited."
C.) "It's not known exactly why your daughter has completely stopped making
insulin, and treatment will consist of your rigidly controlling her diet."
D.) "The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has
destroyed the cells in herpancreas that produce insulin
"The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed
the cells in her pancreas that produce insulin."
,MN551: ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the role of
hormones in the body?
A.) Some chemical substances can function as hormones or be integrated with
the central and peripheral nervous systems.
B)Hormones directly initiate many of the processes that contribute to
homeostasis.
C)Control of body processes is ensured by the fact that a single hormone can
only exert one effect on one specific system or tissue.
D)Each hormone that exists in the body is produced by only one specific
endocrine gland.
Some chemical substances can function as either hormones or
neurotransmitters.
What does a high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate?
A.) Thyroid nodule
B.) Hyperthyroidism
C.) Myxedema
D.) Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Which of the following statements best captures the role of the adrenal cortex
in maintaining homeostasis?
, MN551: ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
Question 1 options:
A. Normal sexual function is dependent on adequate adrenal cortical function.
B. Redundant, secondary production of adrenal cortical hormones can
compensate for the loss of the adrenal glands.
C. The adrenal cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
D. The adrenal cortex is responsible for the production of epinephrine and
norepinephrine, which are part of the sympathetic nervous system.
The adrenal cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
A three-year-old girl has been diagnosed with amblyopia. Which of the
following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to underlie her health
problem?
Question 2 options:
a. The child may have a neural pathway disorder
b. She may have been born with infantile cataracts
c. The girl may have chronic bacterial conjunctivitis
d. The child may have a congenital deficit of rods and/or cones
She may have been born with infantile cataracts
Which of the following statements best describes an aspect of the normal
process of glucose metabolism?
