SOP 3004 Exam 3 Final Test Questions
and All Correct Answers.
What are the definitions of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination? How do they differ? -
Answer -prejudice: A preconceived negative judgment of a group and it's individual
members.
-attitude - affect
-stereotype: A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people. Stereotypes are
sometimes overgeneralized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information (and sometimes
accurate).
-discrimination: Unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members.
-behavior
Are stereotypes always negative? Always wrong? Always conscious? - Answer -no
What is the difference between traditional and modern discrimination? - Answer -
Traditional: School segregation, voting rights, etc.
-Modern: informal hiring practices, social interactions, etc. more subtle but often just as
damaging.
What is aversive racism? How does that relate to the Frey and Gartner (1986) study, and when
would we expect to see aversive racism? - Answer -aversive racism: alternating positive and
negative responses to Black people
-Egalitarian values & non-prejudiced self-image
-Negative feelings (discomfort) & beliefs
-Response is determined by presence of nonracial justification for negative response
-Frey & Gaertner (1986); Examined willingness to help a partner working on a scrabble task
-Always White P's - partner Black or White
-Partner deserving of help/undeserving
-Examined % of Ps who gave letters to their partner
-more likely to help White partners?
-Relates because they were displaying aversive racism
-We would expect to see it when nonracial justification for negative response is present
What are benevolent and hostile sexism? - Answer -benevolent: paternalism, seeing women
as virtuous and fragile
-hostile: angry responses to feminism & female dominance
, What are the social origins of prejudice? How do they help perpetuate it? (From the text) -
Answer -Social Inequalities: Unequal Status and Prejudice
-Socialization by our parents
-Social Institutions
-Motivational Origins
-Social Identity Theory
-Cognitive Origins
-Categorization
-Illusory Correlation
Know the 3 parts of Social Identity Theory. How does SIT relate to prejudice? - Answer -
Social Identity Theory
1. We want to feel good about ourselves.
2. Our identity (partly) comes from groups to which we belong
3. Seeing our group as better than other groups raises self-esteem
-Relates by engaging in a social hierarchy
What are the methods and findings of Tajfel & Wilkes (1963) categorization study? What does
this tell us about how people perceive group differences (think accentuation and outgroup
homogeneity). - Answer -Tajfel & Wilkes (1963)
-Categorization
-P's judged line lengths
-Accentuation Effect: Tendency to exaggerate differences between members of different
categories
-P's also underestimated within category differences
-Outgroup Homogeneity Effect:
-Tendency to perceive more similarity among members of groups we don't belong to than
among members of our own group
-"They all look the same"
-P's saw bigger differences in lines for other groups than in their own group?
What is an illusory correlation? - Answer -Perceiving correlation where none exist or over-
estimating its magnitude
-Cause by "distinctiveness"
and All Correct Answers.
What are the definitions of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination? How do they differ? -
Answer -prejudice: A preconceived negative judgment of a group and it's individual
members.
-attitude - affect
-stereotype: A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people. Stereotypes are
sometimes overgeneralized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information (and sometimes
accurate).
-discrimination: Unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members.
-behavior
Are stereotypes always negative? Always wrong? Always conscious? - Answer -no
What is the difference between traditional and modern discrimination? - Answer -
Traditional: School segregation, voting rights, etc.
-Modern: informal hiring practices, social interactions, etc. more subtle but often just as
damaging.
What is aversive racism? How does that relate to the Frey and Gartner (1986) study, and when
would we expect to see aversive racism? - Answer -aversive racism: alternating positive and
negative responses to Black people
-Egalitarian values & non-prejudiced self-image
-Negative feelings (discomfort) & beliefs
-Response is determined by presence of nonracial justification for negative response
-Frey & Gaertner (1986); Examined willingness to help a partner working on a scrabble task
-Always White P's - partner Black or White
-Partner deserving of help/undeserving
-Examined % of Ps who gave letters to their partner
-more likely to help White partners?
-Relates because they were displaying aversive racism
-We would expect to see it when nonracial justification for negative response is present
What are benevolent and hostile sexism? - Answer -benevolent: paternalism, seeing women
as virtuous and fragile
-hostile: angry responses to feminism & female dominance
, What are the social origins of prejudice? How do they help perpetuate it? (From the text) -
Answer -Social Inequalities: Unequal Status and Prejudice
-Socialization by our parents
-Social Institutions
-Motivational Origins
-Social Identity Theory
-Cognitive Origins
-Categorization
-Illusory Correlation
Know the 3 parts of Social Identity Theory. How does SIT relate to prejudice? - Answer -
Social Identity Theory
1. We want to feel good about ourselves.
2. Our identity (partly) comes from groups to which we belong
3. Seeing our group as better than other groups raises self-esteem
-Relates by engaging in a social hierarchy
What are the methods and findings of Tajfel & Wilkes (1963) categorization study? What does
this tell us about how people perceive group differences (think accentuation and outgroup
homogeneity). - Answer -Tajfel & Wilkes (1963)
-Categorization
-P's judged line lengths
-Accentuation Effect: Tendency to exaggerate differences between members of different
categories
-P's also underestimated within category differences
-Outgroup Homogeneity Effect:
-Tendency to perceive more similarity among members of groups we don't belong to than
among members of our own group
-"They all look the same"
-P's saw bigger differences in lines for other groups than in their own group?
What is an illusory correlation? - Answer -Perceiving correlation where none exist or over-
estimating its magnitude
-Cause by "distinctiveness"
