TEST BANK A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC
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14TH EDITION BY HURLEY CHAPTERS 1 to 14
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,TABLE OFCONTENTS hlh
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Part I:INFORMAL LOGIC. hl hl hl
1.BasicConcepts. lh lh
Arguments, Premises, and Conclusions. Exercise. Recognizing Arguments. Exercise. Deduction and Induction. Exercise. Validity, Truth, Sound
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ness, Strength, Cogency. Exercise. Argument Forms: Proving Invalidity. Exercise. Extended Arguments. Exercise.
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2. Language: Meaning andDefinition. hl hl hl
Varieties of Meaning. Exercise. The Intension and Extension of Terms. Exercise. Definitions and Their Purposes. Exercise. Definitional Techniq
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ues
. Exercise. Criteria for Lexical Definitions. Exercise.
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3. Informal Fallacies. hl
Fallacies in General. Exercise. Fallacies of Relevance. Exercise. Fallacies of Weak Induction. Exercise. Fallacies of Presumption, Ambiguity, a
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n d Illicit Transference. Exercise. Fallacies in Ordinary Language. Exercise.
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Part II:FORMAL LOGIC. hl hl hl
4. Categorical Propositions. hl
The Components of Categorical Propositions. Exercise. Quality, Quantity,2and Distribution. Exercise. Venn Diagrams and the Modern Square
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o f Opposition. Exercise. Conversion, Obversion, and Contraposition. Exercise. The Traditional Square of Opposition. Exercise. Venn Diagra
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ms a nd the Traditional Standpoint. Exercise. Translating Ordinary Language Statements into Categorical Form. Exercise.
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5. Categorical Syllogisms. hl
Standard Form, Mood, and Figure. Exercise. Venn Diagrams. Exercise. Rules and Fallacies. Exercise. Reducing the Number of Terms. Exercis
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e. Ordinary Language Arguments. Exercise. Enthymemes. Exercise. Sorites. Exercise.
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6.PropositionalLogic. lh lh
Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Truth Functions. Exercise. Truth Tables for Propositions. Exercise. Truth Tables for Arguments. Exercise. I
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ndire ct Truth Tables. Exercise. Argument Forms and Fallacies. Exercise.
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7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic. hl hl hl hl
Rules of Implication I. Exercise. Rules of Implication II. Exercise. Rules of Replacement I. Exercise. Rules of Replacement II. Exercise. Condit
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ional Proof. Exercise. Indirect Proof. Exercise. Proving Logical Truths. Exercise.
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8. Predicate Logic. hl
Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Using the Rules of Inference. Exercise. Quantifier Negation Rule. Exercise. Conditional and Indirect Proof.
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E xercise. Proving Invalidity. Exercise. Relational Predicates and Overlapping Quantifiers. Exercise. Identity. Exercise.
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Part III:INDUCTIVE LOGIC. hl hl hl
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning. hl hl hl hl hl
,Analogical Reasoning. Legal Reasoning. Moral Reasoning. Exercise.
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10. Causalityand Mill's Methods. hl hl hl
11. "Cause" and Necessary and Sufficient Conditions. Mill's Five Methods. Mill's Methods and Science. Exercise.
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11.Probability.lh
Theories of Probability. The Probability Calculus. Exercise.
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12. Statistical Reasoning. hl
Evaluating Statistics. Samples. The Meaning of "Average." Dispersion. Graphs and Pictograms. Percentages. Exercise.
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13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning. hl
The Hypothetical Method. Hypothetical Reasoning: Four Examples from Science. The Proof of Hypotheses. The Tentative Acceptance of Hyp
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ot heses. Exercise.
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14. ScienceandSuperstition. lh lh
Distinguishing Between Science and Superstition. Evidentiary Support. Objectivity. Integrity. Abusing Science. Exercise.
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Answers to Selected Exercises.
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, Chapter 1 Test A hl hl hl
MULTIPLE CHOICE hl
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonargu hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
ments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
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1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working m
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ore and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woman
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spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. T
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oday, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
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a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
ANSWER: D hl
PTS: 2 hlhlh l
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other met
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als in biochemical reactions. In2so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (w
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hich can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production (
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which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that tra
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nsmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
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Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" hl hl hl hl hl hl
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. hl hl hl hl
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
ANSWER: C hl PTS: 2 hlhlh l
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
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proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emot
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ion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the c
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apacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whateve
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r the situation.
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David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice hl hl hl hl hl hl
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
e. Nonargument.
ANSWER: E hl PTS: 2 hlhlh l
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax an
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d Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these merc
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hants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their employer
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s and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants contri
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bute nothing to the communities in which they live.
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a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
1
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14TH EDITION BY HURLEY CHAPTERS 1 to 14
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,TABLE OFCONTENTS hlh
lh l
h
Part I:INFORMAL LOGIC. hl hl hl
1.BasicConcepts. lh lh
Arguments, Premises, and Conclusions. Exercise. Recognizing Arguments. Exercise. Deduction and Induction. Exercise. Validity, Truth, Sound
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ness, Strength, Cogency. Exercise. Argument Forms: Proving Invalidity. Exercise. Extended Arguments. Exercise.
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2. Language: Meaning andDefinition. hl hl hl
Varieties of Meaning. Exercise. The Intension and Extension of Terms. Exercise. Definitions and Their Purposes. Exercise. Definitional Techniq
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ues
. Exercise. Criteria for Lexical Definitions. Exercise.
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3. Informal Fallacies. hl
Fallacies in General. Exercise. Fallacies of Relevance. Exercise. Fallacies of Weak Induction. Exercise. Fallacies of Presumption, Ambiguity, a
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n d Illicit Transference. Exercise. Fallacies in Ordinary Language. Exercise.
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Part II:FORMAL LOGIC. hl hl hl
4. Categorical Propositions. hl
The Components of Categorical Propositions. Exercise. Quality, Quantity,2and Distribution. Exercise. Venn Diagrams and the Modern Square
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o f Opposition. Exercise. Conversion, Obversion, and Contraposition. Exercise. The Traditional Square of Opposition. Exercise. Venn Diagra
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ms a nd the Traditional Standpoint. Exercise. Translating Ordinary Language Statements into Categorical Form. Exercise.
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5. Categorical Syllogisms. hl
Standard Form, Mood, and Figure. Exercise. Venn Diagrams. Exercise. Rules and Fallacies. Exercise. Reducing the Number of Terms. Exercis
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e. Ordinary Language Arguments. Exercise. Enthymemes. Exercise. Sorites. Exercise.
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6.PropositionalLogic. lh lh
Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Truth Functions. Exercise. Truth Tables for Propositions. Exercise. Truth Tables for Arguments. Exercise. I
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ndire ct Truth Tables. Exercise. Argument Forms and Fallacies. Exercise.
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7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic. hl hl hl hl
Rules of Implication I. Exercise. Rules of Implication II. Exercise. Rules of Replacement I. Exercise. Rules of Replacement II. Exercise. Condit
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ional Proof. Exercise. Indirect Proof. Exercise. Proving Logical Truths. Exercise.
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8. Predicate Logic. hl
Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Using the Rules of Inference. Exercise. Quantifier Negation Rule. Exercise. Conditional and Indirect Proof.
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E xercise. Proving Invalidity. Exercise. Relational Predicates and Overlapping Quantifiers. Exercise. Identity. Exercise.
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Part III:INDUCTIVE LOGIC. hl hl hl
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning. hl hl hl hl hl
,Analogical Reasoning. Legal Reasoning. Moral Reasoning. Exercise.
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10. Causalityand Mill's Methods. hl hl hl
11. "Cause" and Necessary and Sufficient Conditions. Mill's Five Methods. Mill's Methods and Science. Exercise.
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11.Probability.lh
Theories of Probability. The Probability Calculus. Exercise.
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12. Statistical Reasoning. hl
Evaluating Statistics. Samples. The Meaning of "Average." Dispersion. Graphs and Pictograms. Percentages. Exercise.
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13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning. hl
The Hypothetical Method. Hypothetical Reasoning: Four Examples from Science. The Proof of Hypotheses. The Tentative Acceptance of Hyp
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ot heses. Exercise.
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14. ScienceandSuperstition. lh lh
Distinguishing Between Science and Superstition. Evidentiary Support. Objectivity. Integrity. Abusing Science. Exercise.
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Answers to Selected Exercises.
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, Chapter 1 Test A hl hl hl
MULTIPLE CHOICE hl
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonargu hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
ments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
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1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working m
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ore and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woman
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spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. T
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oday, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
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a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
ANSWER: D hl
PTS: 2 hlhlh l
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other met
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als in biochemical reactions. In2so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (w
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hich can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production (
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which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that tra
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nsmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
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Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" hl hl hl hl hl hl
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. hl hl hl hl
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
ANSWER: C hl PTS: 2 hlhlh l
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
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proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emot
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ion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the c
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apacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whateve
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r the situation.
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David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice hl hl hl hl hl hl
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
e. Nonargument.
ANSWER: E hl PTS: 2 hlhlh l
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax an
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d Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these merc
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hants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their employer
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s and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants contri
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bute nothing to the communities in which they live.
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a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live. hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl hl
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