NR572 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027
After giving IV alteplase, what should be done 24 hours prior to initiating anticoagulants or
antiplatelet agents? - ANS A follow-up CT scan of the head
Indications of lumbar puncture - ANS CSF sample for examination; pressure measurements
(NPH); reduction in CSF pressure:; -infections; -SAH; -Inflammatory conditions; -MS; -
carcinomatosis; Spinal anesthetics, antitumor agents, antibiotics; radio-opaque substance
radioactive agent:; -cryptococcal meningitis; -hydrocephalus with communication between all
ventricles; -pseudotumor cerebri; -drug administration; Imaging; -myelography; -radionuclide
cisternography
Contraindications of performing LP - ANS • Increased risk of fatal cerebellar or transtentorial
herniation; • Coagulopathy; • Infection over puncture site; • Spinal block requiring sample
above lesion
Common complications of lumbar puncture - ANS -Sciatic pain during needle insertion; -
Slowing of fluid removal (elevate patient head)
How is chronic meningitis diagnosed? - ANS On LP/CSF analysis or contrast MRI/CT showing
leakage into meninges. Meningeal biopsy if CSF not diagnostic.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Differentials for chronic meningitis - ANS -Partially treated suppurative meningitis; -
Paranmeningeal infection; -Mycobacterium TB; -Lyme; -Syphilis; -HIV; -HSV; -Malignancy; -SLE; -
Behcet's
Indications for swallow evaluation - ANS -Hx of dysphasia; -Observed dysphasia; -Suspected
aspiration; -Decreased oral intake; -Parenteral/enteral feeding
Medicare coverage of hospice - ANS • Prognosis of six months or less if illness runs normal
course; • Falls under Medicare Part A
Three common causes of acute ischemic stroke - ANS 1- Anoxic injury; 2- Thrombosis in situ;
3- Thrombotic embolism
In ischemic stroke, what area of damage is irreversible? - ANS Tissue death at occluded artery
(infarction core)
Penumbra - ANS Area around infarct, salvageable if blood flow restored
Risk factors for ischemic stroke - ANS -Advanced age; -HTN
More risk factors for ischemic stroke - ANS -HLD, DM, oral contraceptives, obesity, prior TIAs,
tobacco, MI, alcohol, sedentary lifestyle, sickle cell, stimulant drugs, family hx CVA, cardiac
abnormalities
Subjective signs of ischemic stroke - ANS -Decreased LOC, dysarthria, facial droop, aphasia,
diplopia, visual deficits, sensory deficits, ataxia, hemiparesis, vertigo
Critical timeline info for CVA - ANS "Last known well"
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
, BE FAST - ANS Balance, Eyes, Face, Arms, Speech, Time
ACA - ANS Anterior cerebral artery
MCA - ANS Middle cerebral artery
PCA - ANS Posterior cerebral artery
Objective symptoms of ACA stroke - ANS -Urinary incontinence; -Speech perseveration; -
Disinhibition; -Gait apraxia; -Primitive reflexes; -Altered mental status; -Impaired judgment; -
Contralateral leg>arm weakness
Objective symptoms of MCA stroke - ANS -Gaze preference; -Agnosia; -Ipsilateral
hemianopsia; -Contralateral hemiparesis/hypesthesia
Objective symptoms of PCA stroke - ANS -Impaired memory; -Cortical blindness; -Altered
mental status; -Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia; -Visual agnosia
Visual agnosia - ANS Inability to recognize objects
Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia - ANS Loss of vision in contralateral visual field
Contralateral hypesthesia - ANS Decreased touch perception on one side
Agnosia - ANS Inability to recognize familiar objects
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027
After giving IV alteplase, what should be done 24 hours prior to initiating anticoagulants or
antiplatelet agents? - ANS A follow-up CT scan of the head
Indications of lumbar puncture - ANS CSF sample for examination; pressure measurements
(NPH); reduction in CSF pressure:; -infections; -SAH; -Inflammatory conditions; -MS; -
carcinomatosis; Spinal anesthetics, antitumor agents, antibiotics; radio-opaque substance
radioactive agent:; -cryptococcal meningitis; -hydrocephalus with communication between all
ventricles; -pseudotumor cerebri; -drug administration; Imaging; -myelography; -radionuclide
cisternography
Contraindications of performing LP - ANS • Increased risk of fatal cerebellar or transtentorial
herniation; • Coagulopathy; • Infection over puncture site; • Spinal block requiring sample
above lesion
Common complications of lumbar puncture - ANS -Sciatic pain during needle insertion; -
Slowing of fluid removal (elevate patient head)
How is chronic meningitis diagnosed? - ANS On LP/CSF analysis or contrast MRI/CT showing
leakage into meninges. Meningeal biopsy if CSF not diagnostic.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Differentials for chronic meningitis - ANS -Partially treated suppurative meningitis; -
Paranmeningeal infection; -Mycobacterium TB; -Lyme; -Syphilis; -HIV; -HSV; -Malignancy; -SLE; -
Behcet's
Indications for swallow evaluation - ANS -Hx of dysphasia; -Observed dysphasia; -Suspected
aspiration; -Decreased oral intake; -Parenteral/enteral feeding
Medicare coverage of hospice - ANS • Prognosis of six months or less if illness runs normal
course; • Falls under Medicare Part A
Three common causes of acute ischemic stroke - ANS 1- Anoxic injury; 2- Thrombosis in situ;
3- Thrombotic embolism
In ischemic stroke, what area of damage is irreversible? - ANS Tissue death at occluded artery
(infarction core)
Penumbra - ANS Area around infarct, salvageable if blood flow restored
Risk factors for ischemic stroke - ANS -Advanced age; -HTN
More risk factors for ischemic stroke - ANS -HLD, DM, oral contraceptives, obesity, prior TIAs,
tobacco, MI, alcohol, sedentary lifestyle, sickle cell, stimulant drugs, family hx CVA, cardiac
abnormalities
Subjective signs of ischemic stroke - ANS -Decreased LOC, dysarthria, facial droop, aphasia,
diplopia, visual deficits, sensory deficits, ataxia, hemiparesis, vertigo
Critical timeline info for CVA - ANS "Last known well"
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
, BE FAST - ANS Balance, Eyes, Face, Arms, Speech, Time
ACA - ANS Anterior cerebral artery
MCA - ANS Middle cerebral artery
PCA - ANS Posterior cerebral artery
Objective symptoms of ACA stroke - ANS -Urinary incontinence; -Speech perseveration; -
Disinhibition; -Gait apraxia; -Primitive reflexes; -Altered mental status; -Impaired judgment; -
Contralateral leg>arm weakness
Objective symptoms of MCA stroke - ANS -Gaze preference; -Agnosia; -Ipsilateral
hemianopsia; -Contralateral hemiparesis/hypesthesia
Objective symptoms of PCA stroke - ANS -Impaired memory; -Cortical blindness; -Altered
mental status; -Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia; -Visual agnosia
Visual agnosia - ANS Inability to recognize objects
Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia - ANS Loss of vision in contralateral visual field
Contralateral hypesthesia - ANS Decreased touch perception on one side
Agnosia - ANS Inability to recognize familiar objects
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
