FCM- EXAM 2 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS RATED 100% CORRECT
Pharmacology - Correct Answer ✔✔ the study of substances that interact with living
systems through chemical processes
Medical pharmacology - Correct Answer ✔✔ the science of substances used to prevent,
diagnose, and treat disease
Drug - Correct Answer ✔✔ any substance that brings about a change in biologic
function through its chemical actions (agonist-activator, antagonist-inhibitor, receptor-
target molecule)
Poisons - Correct Answer ✔✔ drugs that have almost exclusively harmful effects (but
any drug can be harmful at wrong dose)
Toxins - Correct Answer ✔✔ poisons of biological origin
Pharmacodynamics: - Correct Answer ✔✔ drugs effect on the body
determine the group in which the drug is classified.
major role in deciding whether that group is appropriate therapy for particular diseases
Pharmacokinetics - Correct Answer ✔✔ actions of the body on the drug
absorption, distribution, and elimination
role in the choice of a particular drug for particular patient
Agonist - Correct Answer ✔✔ elicits pharmacologic response (by attaching to a receptor
and producing the response)
Partial Agonist - Correct Answer ✔✔ produce pharmacologic response, but not fully
(may compete with other agonists)
Antagonist - Correct Answer ✔✔ prevents response by blocking receptors. Non
Pharmacologic response.
Types of antagonists - Correct Answer ✔✔ Classically - bind a receptor without
activating it
Competitive - competes for the same space
,Non-competitive - attaches to one receptor, but inactivates another one
Reversible vs. Irreversible - most are reversible-irreversible covalently bind (require new
receptor production)
Physiologic antagonist - effect mediated by different receptor
Affinity - Correct Answer ✔✔ tendency for a drug to bind to a receptor
Potency - Correct Answer ✔✔ different types of bonding, represents which agonist may
have affinity for a receptor, high dose vs. low dose
Drug Efficacy - Correct Answer ✔✔ defined as the ability to produce a biologic effect,
may or may not be related to the potency of a particular substance
Specificity - Correct Answer ✔✔ highly specific drugs will bind to one type of receptor
Selectivity - Correct Answer ✔✔ highly selective drugs will act in only one place of the
body
Potency - Correct Answer ✔✔ refers to the dose of the drug required to produce 50% of
the drugs maximal effect. (depends upon affinity for the drug for the receptor and
efficiency of drug-receptor coupling to response)
Maximal Efficacy - Correct Answer ✔✔ the limit of the dose-response relation
Td50 - Correct Answer ✔✔ median toxic dose required to produce a particular toxic
effect
Therapeutic Index - Correct Answer ✔✔ relates the dose of a drug required to produce
a desired effect to that which produces an undesired effect (ratio of TD50 to ED50)
Therapeutic Window - Correct Answer ✔✔ range between the minimal toxic dose and
the minimum therapeutic dose
Tachyphylaxis - Correct Answer ✔✔ rapidly diminished response to drug effect (can
become rapidly tolerant, so need to have scheduled "drug holidays")
Low Volume of distribution (Vd) - Correct Answer ✔✔ indicates drugs that remain in
plasma
Vd may be decreased in dehydration.
Higher Vd - Correct Answer ✔✔ indicates distribution into total body water. Even higher
means distribution into adipose tissue.
, drugs with a high lipid solubility (non-polar drugs), low rates of ionization, or low plasma
protein binding capabilities have higher volumes of distribution than drugs which are
more polar, more highly ionized or exhibit high plasma protein binding in the body's
environment
Volume of distribution may be increased by kidney failure (due to fluid retention) and
liver failure (due to altered body fluid and plasma protein binding).
Metabolism - Correct Answer ✔✔ biological processing of drugs (and other things) by
the body
considerations = diet and environmental, age, gender, disease states
Cyp Inducer - Correct Answer ✔✔ cause increased enzymatic activity (less common
than inhibitors)
Cyp Inhibitors - Correct Answer ✔✔ cause decreased enzymatic activity
Understand rational prescribing - Correct Answer ✔✔ -Cure/Treatment
-Symptom Relief
-Treat patient, not the number
-Indication (is there a reason the patient is taking the medication), -Effectiveness (does
the medication provide benefit to the patient),
-Safety (side effects, think about other meds the patient is on or comorbidities),
-Convenience (compliance, will the patient take the medication), -Follow-Up
Prescription - Correct Answer ✔✔ outpatient use, has legal requirements, refills are
given
Order - Correct Answer ✔✔ inpatient use, requirements determined by the
Pharmacy&Therapeutics committee (P&T)
- patient name, medication, dose, route frequency, date, prescriber's signature
Know the federal prescribing requirements - Correct Answer ✔✔ -Patient name and
date of birth
-Drugs name, strength, dosage form, quantity
-Directions for use, number of refills
-NPI or DEA number if controlled substance
-Signature of prescriber
Be aware of potential prescribing errors - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Unclear - poorly
written/described directions
- Repeatedly sending a duplicate prescription
- Illegible (not a problem with electronic prescriptions)
ANSWERS RATED 100% CORRECT
Pharmacology - Correct Answer ✔✔ the study of substances that interact with living
systems through chemical processes
Medical pharmacology - Correct Answer ✔✔ the science of substances used to prevent,
diagnose, and treat disease
Drug - Correct Answer ✔✔ any substance that brings about a change in biologic
function through its chemical actions (agonist-activator, antagonist-inhibitor, receptor-
target molecule)
Poisons - Correct Answer ✔✔ drugs that have almost exclusively harmful effects (but
any drug can be harmful at wrong dose)
Toxins - Correct Answer ✔✔ poisons of biological origin
Pharmacodynamics: - Correct Answer ✔✔ drugs effect on the body
determine the group in which the drug is classified.
major role in deciding whether that group is appropriate therapy for particular diseases
Pharmacokinetics - Correct Answer ✔✔ actions of the body on the drug
absorption, distribution, and elimination
role in the choice of a particular drug for particular patient
Agonist - Correct Answer ✔✔ elicits pharmacologic response (by attaching to a receptor
and producing the response)
Partial Agonist - Correct Answer ✔✔ produce pharmacologic response, but not fully
(may compete with other agonists)
Antagonist - Correct Answer ✔✔ prevents response by blocking receptors. Non
Pharmacologic response.
Types of antagonists - Correct Answer ✔✔ Classically - bind a receptor without
activating it
Competitive - competes for the same space
,Non-competitive - attaches to one receptor, but inactivates another one
Reversible vs. Irreversible - most are reversible-irreversible covalently bind (require new
receptor production)
Physiologic antagonist - effect mediated by different receptor
Affinity - Correct Answer ✔✔ tendency for a drug to bind to a receptor
Potency - Correct Answer ✔✔ different types of bonding, represents which agonist may
have affinity for a receptor, high dose vs. low dose
Drug Efficacy - Correct Answer ✔✔ defined as the ability to produce a biologic effect,
may or may not be related to the potency of a particular substance
Specificity - Correct Answer ✔✔ highly specific drugs will bind to one type of receptor
Selectivity - Correct Answer ✔✔ highly selective drugs will act in only one place of the
body
Potency - Correct Answer ✔✔ refers to the dose of the drug required to produce 50% of
the drugs maximal effect. (depends upon affinity for the drug for the receptor and
efficiency of drug-receptor coupling to response)
Maximal Efficacy - Correct Answer ✔✔ the limit of the dose-response relation
Td50 - Correct Answer ✔✔ median toxic dose required to produce a particular toxic
effect
Therapeutic Index - Correct Answer ✔✔ relates the dose of a drug required to produce
a desired effect to that which produces an undesired effect (ratio of TD50 to ED50)
Therapeutic Window - Correct Answer ✔✔ range between the minimal toxic dose and
the minimum therapeutic dose
Tachyphylaxis - Correct Answer ✔✔ rapidly diminished response to drug effect (can
become rapidly tolerant, so need to have scheduled "drug holidays")
Low Volume of distribution (Vd) - Correct Answer ✔✔ indicates drugs that remain in
plasma
Vd may be decreased in dehydration.
Higher Vd - Correct Answer ✔✔ indicates distribution into total body water. Even higher
means distribution into adipose tissue.
, drugs with a high lipid solubility (non-polar drugs), low rates of ionization, or low plasma
protein binding capabilities have higher volumes of distribution than drugs which are
more polar, more highly ionized or exhibit high plasma protein binding in the body's
environment
Volume of distribution may be increased by kidney failure (due to fluid retention) and
liver failure (due to altered body fluid and plasma protein binding).
Metabolism - Correct Answer ✔✔ biological processing of drugs (and other things) by
the body
considerations = diet and environmental, age, gender, disease states
Cyp Inducer - Correct Answer ✔✔ cause increased enzymatic activity (less common
than inhibitors)
Cyp Inhibitors - Correct Answer ✔✔ cause decreased enzymatic activity
Understand rational prescribing - Correct Answer ✔✔ -Cure/Treatment
-Symptom Relief
-Treat patient, not the number
-Indication (is there a reason the patient is taking the medication), -Effectiveness (does
the medication provide benefit to the patient),
-Safety (side effects, think about other meds the patient is on or comorbidities),
-Convenience (compliance, will the patient take the medication), -Follow-Up
Prescription - Correct Answer ✔✔ outpatient use, has legal requirements, refills are
given
Order - Correct Answer ✔✔ inpatient use, requirements determined by the
Pharmacy&Therapeutics committee (P&T)
- patient name, medication, dose, route frequency, date, prescriber's signature
Know the federal prescribing requirements - Correct Answer ✔✔ -Patient name and
date of birth
-Drugs name, strength, dosage form, quantity
-Directions for use, number of refills
-NPI or DEA number if controlled substance
-Signature of prescriber
Be aware of potential prescribing errors - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Unclear - poorly
written/described directions
- Repeatedly sending a duplicate prescription
- Illegible (not a problem with electronic prescriptions)
