Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology Final Exam must read questions & answers

What is the primary focus of anatomy in the study of the human body? ️☑️ Anatomy focuses on the structure of body parts and how they are organized. What is the primary focus of physiology? ️☑️ Physiology focuses on how body parts function and work together. What is the smallest living unit in the human body? ️☑️ The cell is the smallest living unit. What term describes the study of tissues? ️☑️ Histology is the study of tissues. What is homeostasis? ️☑️ Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment. What type of feedback maintains homeostasis most commonly? ️☑️ Negative feedback maintains homeostasis. What system controls and coordinates body activities through electrical signals? ️☑️ The nervous system controls and coordinates through electrical signals. Which system secretes hormones into the bloodstream? ️☑️ The endocrine system secretes hormones. What is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system? ️☑️ The neuron is the basic unit. What is the fluid inside cells called? ️☑️ Intracellular fluid is the fluid inside cells. What is the fluid outside cells called? ️☑️ Extracellular fluid is the fluid outside cells. What is the plasma membrane? ️☑️ It is the cell membrane that controls entry and exit of substances. 2 What organelle produces most of the cell’s energy? ️☑️ Mitochondria produce most of the cell’s energy. What is the function of ribosomes? ️☑️ Ribosomes synthesize proteins. What is the role of the nucleus? ️☑️ The nucleus controls cell activities and contains DNA. What is diffusion? ️☑️ Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration. What is osmosis? ️☑️ Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane. What is active transport? ️☑️ Active transport moves substances against a concentration gradient using energy. What is ATP? ️☑️ ATP is the cell’s energy currency. What is the function of lysosomes? ️☑️ Lysosomes digest cellular waste and debris. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? ️☑️ It modifies, packages, and ships proteins. What is epithelial tissue primarily responsible for? ️☑️ It covers body surfaces and lines cavities. What is connective tissue’s main function? ️☑️ It supports, binds, and protects other tissues. What is muscle tissue responsible for? ️☑️ It produces movement through contraction. What is nervous tissue responsible for? ️☑️ It transmits electrical signals. What are the two major divisions of the human body? ️☑️ The axial and appendicular divisions. What does the axial division include? ️☑️ The head, neck, and trunk. 3 What does the appendicular division include? ️☑️ The limbs and their attachments. What is the anatomical position? ️☑️ Standing upright with palms facing forward. What is the sagittal plane? ️☑️ It divides the body into left and right portions. What is the frontal plane? ️☑️ It divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. What is the transverse plane? ️☑️ It divides the body into upper and lower portions. What does superior mean in anatomical terms? ️☑️ It means toward the head. What does inferior mean? ️☑️ It means toward the feet. What does anterior mean? ️☑️ It means toward the front of the body. What does posterior mean? ️☑️ It means toward the back of the body. What is the skeletal system’s main function? ️☑️ It provides structure, support, and protection. What is the function of red blood cells? ️☑️ They transport oxygen throughout the body. What is the main function of white blood cells? ️☑️ They defend the body against infection. What is the role of platelets? ️☑️ They help in blood clotting. What is the heart’s primary function? ️☑️ It pumps blood throughout the body. What are arteries? ️☑️ Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. 4 What are veins? ️☑️ Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. What is the function of capillaries? ️☑️ They allow exchange of gases and nutrients.