NSG 122 Nursing Fundamental Concepts Final Exam
Prep | 100 Realistic Q&As | Verified Answers &
Detailed Rationales | 2025/2026 Edition | Graded A+
Herzing University
1. A nurse is caring for a client who is falling. Which action should the nurse take
first?
A) Call for help
B) Support the client and guide them to the floor
C) Try to catch the client to prevent the fall
D) Assess the client for injuries
Answer: B) Support the client and guide them to the floor
Explanation: Safety first. The nurse should widen their stance and slide the client down
their leg to the floor to prevent head trauma and protect the nurse's back.
2. Which of the following is an example of "Objective Data"?
A) The client states, "I feel dizzy."
B) The client’s spouse says, "He didn't sleep well."
C) The client’s blood pressure is 150/90 mmHg.
,D) The client complains of 8/10 pain.
Answer: C) The client’s blood pressure is 150/90 mmHg.
Explanation: Objective data (signs) are measurable and observable (vitals, labs,
physical exam). Subjective data (symptoms) are what the client says.
3. A nurse is preparing to give a bed bath. Which principle of medical asepsis
should the nurse follow?
A) Wash from the dirtiest area to the cleanest area
B) Wash from the cleanest area to the dirtiest area
C) Use the same washcloth for the entire body
D) Wear sterile gloves during the bath
Answer: B) Wash from the cleanest area to the dirtiest area
Explanation: To prevent the spread of microorganisms, always move from clean
(usually the face/eyes) to dirty (axillae/perineal area).
4. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection?
A) Wearing a mask
B) Hand hygiene
C) Using sterile equipment
D) Staying 3 feet away from patients
Answer: B) Hand hygiene
Explanation: Handwashing remains the #1 intervention for breaking the chain of
infection.
5. A client is on "Contact Precautions." What personal protective equipment
(PPE) is required?
A) Mask and gloves
B) Gown and gloves
C) N95 respirator and gown
, D) Gloves only
Answer: B) Gown and gloves
Explanation: Contact precautions (e.g., C. diff, MRSA) require a gown and gloves
before entering the room.
6. Which phase of the Nursing Process involves setting "SMART" goals?
A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Planning
D) Implementation
Answer: C) Planning
Explanation: During the Planning phase, the nurse develops measurable, client-
centered goals and chooses interventions.
7. A nurse notes a client’s radial pulse is irregular. What is the next priority
action?
A) Document the finding
B) Notify the provider immediately
C) Assess the apical pulse for one full minute
D) Re-check the radial pulse in 15 minutes
Answer: C) Assess the apical pulse for one full minute
Explanation: If a peripheral pulse is irregular, the apical pulse is the gold standard for
accuracy.
8. Which vital sign should the nurse assess first in an unstable patient?
A) Temperature
B) Pulse
C) Blood Pressure
D) Respirations
Answer: D) Respirations
Explanation: Remember the ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation). Respirations come
before Pulse and Blood Pressure.
Prep | 100 Realistic Q&As | Verified Answers &
Detailed Rationales | 2025/2026 Edition | Graded A+
Herzing University
1. A nurse is caring for a client who is falling. Which action should the nurse take
first?
A) Call for help
B) Support the client and guide them to the floor
C) Try to catch the client to prevent the fall
D) Assess the client for injuries
Answer: B) Support the client and guide them to the floor
Explanation: Safety first. The nurse should widen their stance and slide the client down
their leg to the floor to prevent head trauma and protect the nurse's back.
2. Which of the following is an example of "Objective Data"?
A) The client states, "I feel dizzy."
B) The client’s spouse says, "He didn't sleep well."
C) The client’s blood pressure is 150/90 mmHg.
,D) The client complains of 8/10 pain.
Answer: C) The client’s blood pressure is 150/90 mmHg.
Explanation: Objective data (signs) are measurable and observable (vitals, labs,
physical exam). Subjective data (symptoms) are what the client says.
3. A nurse is preparing to give a bed bath. Which principle of medical asepsis
should the nurse follow?
A) Wash from the dirtiest area to the cleanest area
B) Wash from the cleanest area to the dirtiest area
C) Use the same washcloth for the entire body
D) Wear sterile gloves during the bath
Answer: B) Wash from the cleanest area to the dirtiest area
Explanation: To prevent the spread of microorganisms, always move from clean
(usually the face/eyes) to dirty (axillae/perineal area).
4. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection?
A) Wearing a mask
B) Hand hygiene
C) Using sterile equipment
D) Staying 3 feet away from patients
Answer: B) Hand hygiene
Explanation: Handwashing remains the #1 intervention for breaking the chain of
infection.
5. A client is on "Contact Precautions." What personal protective equipment
(PPE) is required?
A) Mask and gloves
B) Gown and gloves
C) N95 respirator and gown
, D) Gloves only
Answer: B) Gown and gloves
Explanation: Contact precautions (e.g., C. diff, MRSA) require a gown and gloves
before entering the room.
6. Which phase of the Nursing Process involves setting "SMART" goals?
A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Planning
D) Implementation
Answer: C) Planning
Explanation: During the Planning phase, the nurse develops measurable, client-
centered goals and chooses interventions.
7. A nurse notes a client’s radial pulse is irregular. What is the next priority
action?
A) Document the finding
B) Notify the provider immediately
C) Assess the apical pulse for one full minute
D) Re-check the radial pulse in 15 minutes
Answer: C) Assess the apical pulse for one full minute
Explanation: If a peripheral pulse is irregular, the apical pulse is the gold standard for
accuracy.
8. Which vital sign should the nurse assess first in an unstable patient?
A) Temperature
B) Pulse
C) Blood Pressure
D) Respirations
Answer: D) Respirations
Explanation: Remember the ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation). Respirations come
before Pulse and Blood Pressure.
