Exam 4
Nursing
Review
, Fluid & Electrolyte Balance - CORRECT ANSWERS-Dynamic process of maintaining
extracellular fluid volume, osmolality, and electrolyte concentrations within normal
ranges.
Fluid & Electrolyte Balance - Scope - CORRECT ANSWERS-Continuum from optimal
balance to imbalances such as fluid deficit, fluid excess, or fluid shifts (edema/third
spacing).
Sodium - Role in Fluid Balance - CORRECT ANSWERS-Major extracellular electrolyte
that holds water in ECF and determines osmolality.
Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Serum sodium <130 mEq/L caused by excess
water or sodium loss.
Hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Elevated sodium due to water deficit or
dehydration.
Hormones Regulating Fluid Balance - CORRECT ANSWERS-Aldosterone increases
sodium and water reabsorption; ADH regulates water excretion.
Aldosterone - Function - CORRECT ANSWERS-Promotes sodium and water
reabsorption in kidneys and increases potassium excretion.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - Function - CORRECT ANSWERS-Controls water balance
by concentrating or diluting urine.
Filtration in Fluid Distribution - CORRECT ANSWERS-Movement of fluid between
vascular and interstitial compartments driven by hydrostatic and colloid osmotic
pressures.
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Movement of water across semipermeable
membranes to equalize osmolality.
Electrolyte Pools in the Body - CORRECT ANSWERS-Potassium and magnesium
mostly inside cells; calcium stored largely in bone.
Fluid Output Routes - CORRECT ANSWERS-Kidneys (urine), GI tract (feces), skin
(sweat), lungs (water vapor).
ECV Deficit - Causes - CORRECT ANSWERS-Output exceeding intake due to
vomiting, diarrhea, burns, or hemorrhage.
ECV Excess - Causes - CORRECT ANSWERS-Excess intake or impaired excretion
such as heart failure or renal disease.
Nursing
Review
, Fluid & Electrolyte Balance - CORRECT ANSWERS-Dynamic process of maintaining
extracellular fluid volume, osmolality, and electrolyte concentrations within normal
ranges.
Fluid & Electrolyte Balance - Scope - CORRECT ANSWERS-Continuum from optimal
balance to imbalances such as fluid deficit, fluid excess, or fluid shifts (edema/third
spacing).
Sodium - Role in Fluid Balance - CORRECT ANSWERS-Major extracellular electrolyte
that holds water in ECF and determines osmolality.
Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Serum sodium <130 mEq/L caused by excess
water or sodium loss.
Hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Elevated sodium due to water deficit or
dehydration.
Hormones Regulating Fluid Balance - CORRECT ANSWERS-Aldosterone increases
sodium and water reabsorption; ADH regulates water excretion.
Aldosterone - Function - CORRECT ANSWERS-Promotes sodium and water
reabsorption in kidneys and increases potassium excretion.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - Function - CORRECT ANSWERS-Controls water balance
by concentrating or diluting urine.
Filtration in Fluid Distribution - CORRECT ANSWERS-Movement of fluid between
vascular and interstitial compartments driven by hydrostatic and colloid osmotic
pressures.
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Movement of water across semipermeable
membranes to equalize osmolality.
Electrolyte Pools in the Body - CORRECT ANSWERS-Potassium and magnesium
mostly inside cells; calcium stored largely in bone.
Fluid Output Routes - CORRECT ANSWERS-Kidneys (urine), GI tract (feces), skin
(sweat), lungs (water vapor).
ECV Deficit - Causes - CORRECT ANSWERS-Output exceeding intake due to
vomiting, diarrhea, burns, or hemorrhage.
ECV Excess - Causes - CORRECT ANSWERS-Excess intake or impaired excretion
such as heart failure or renal disease.
