NSG 122 Nursing Fundamental Concepts Final
Exam Study Guide Herzing University | Real
Multiple Choice Practice Questions with Detailed
Rationales and Answer Key for Nursing Students
| pdf
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ "Best NSG 122 review I've found. The questions are challenging but fair,
just like the actual final. I appreciated that the answers were in bold italic so I could quickly check
my work. The explanations helped me understand concepts I had been struggling with all
semester."
— Jessica L., Nursing Student
This comprehensive review covers safety, infection control, nursing process, fluid and electrolytes,
mobility, pain and comfort, stress and coping, nutrition, elimination, pharmacology, and
oxygenation. Good luck on your final exam!
SECTION 1 — SAFETY & INFECTION CONTROL (1-25)
1. The nurse prepares to enter the room of a client on droplet precautions. Which
personal protective equipment (PPE) is required?
A. N95 respirator
B. Surgical mask
C. Gown only
D. Gloves only
Droplet precautions require a surgical mask within 3 feet of the client. N95 respirators are
used for airborne precautions. Gown and gloves are added if contact with bodily fluids is
anticipated .
2. Which action demonstrates correct sterile technique?
,A. Turning back toward the sterile field
B. Holding sterile items below the waist
C. Keeping hands in line of sight
D. Touching the ½-inch border of the sterile field
Sterile items must be kept within the line of sight and above waist level to maintain sterility.
Turning away from the sterile field, holding items below the waist, or touching the border
(which is considered non-sterile) all violate sterile technique .
3. The nurse identifies which client as MOST at risk for falls?
A. 32-year-old post-operative patient
B. 55-year-old with pneumonia
C. *87-year-old with orthostatic hypotension*
D. 48-year-old with migraines
Older adults with orthostatic hypotension are at highest risk for falls due to age-related
changes, blood pressure instability, and potential dizziness upon standing. Advanced age
combined with cardiovascular instability significantly increases fall risk .
4. A fire starts in a client's room. Which action does the nurse take FIRST?
A. Extinguish the fire
B. Activate the alarm
C. Rescue the client
D. Close all doors
The RACE acronym guides fire response: Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish. Rescuing
the client from immediate danger is always the priority before activating alarms or
attempting to extinguish the fire .
5. The nurse notices a UAP attempting to transfer a weak client without a gait belt.
What should the nurse do?
A. Supervise closely
B. Allow if the client agrees
C. Stop and reeducate the UAP
D. Document the incident only
The nurse must immediately stop unsafe practice and reeducate the UAP about proper
transfer techniques. Patient safety is paramount, and delegation requires appropriate
supervision and correction of unsafe actions .
,6. Which of the following items require contact precautions? (Select All That Apply)
A. MRSA
B. C. difficile
C. Influenza
D. RSV in infants
E. Tuberculosis
Contact precautions are required for MRSA, C. difficile, and RSV. Influenza requires droplet
precautions. Tuberculosis requires airborne precautions with an N95 respirator .
7. The nurse safely disposes of a full sharps container by placing it:
A. Inside a linen hamper
B. In a biohazard room
C. In regular trash
D. On top of the medication cart
Full sharps containers must be disposed of in designated biohazard waste areas according
to facility policy. Sharps should never be placed in regular trash or left in client care areas
due to risk of needlestick injury .
8. Which task is appropriate to delegate to a UAP?
A. Assessing pain
B. Teaching incentive spirometer use
C. Ambulating a stable client
D. Monitoring an IV site
UAPs can ambulate stable clients as this is a routine task. Assessment, teaching, and IV
monitoring require licensed nursing judgment and cannot be delegated to unlicensed
personnel .
9. When preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter, the nurse should:
A. Don clean gloves
B. Maintain sterile technique
C. Place the client in a prone position
D. Ask the client to take deep breaths
Indwelling catheter insertion requires sterile technique to prevent introducing
microorganisms into the urinary tract and causing catheter-associated infection .
, 10. The priority risk for a confused client climbing out of bed is:
A. Social isolation
B. Skin breakdown
C. Falls
D. Anxiety
A confused client attempting to climb out of bed is at immediate risk for falls, which can
result in serious injury including fractures or head trauma. Safety is the priority concern .
11. A client with active tuberculosis (TB) requires which type of precautions?
A. Contact
B. Droplet
C. Airborne
D. Standard
TB requires airborne precautions, including a negative pressure room and N95 respirator for
staff. The organism is transmitted via small airborne droplets that remain suspended in the
air .
12. To prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), the nurse must:
A. Disconnect tubing to empty the drainage bag
B. Maintain a closed system
C. Collect urine from the drainage bag
D. Clamp tubing to promote drainage
Maintaining a closed urinary drainage system is essential for preventing CAUTI. Breaking
the closed system increases the risk of introducing bacteria into the urinary tract .
13. A red, painful IV site indicates:
A. Infiltration
B. Phlebitis
C. Extravasation
D. Air embolism
Phlebitis presents with redness, warmth, tenderness, and pain along the vein. Infiltration
involves swelling and coolness without redness. Phlebitis indicates inflammation of the
vein .
14. Which assessment finding indicates phlebitis at an IV site?
Exam Study Guide Herzing University | Real
Multiple Choice Practice Questions with Detailed
Rationales and Answer Key for Nursing Students
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ "Best NSG 122 review I've found. The questions are challenging but fair,
just like the actual final. I appreciated that the answers were in bold italic so I could quickly check
my work. The explanations helped me understand concepts I had been struggling with all
semester."
— Jessica L., Nursing Student
This comprehensive review covers safety, infection control, nursing process, fluid and electrolytes,
mobility, pain and comfort, stress and coping, nutrition, elimination, pharmacology, and
oxygenation. Good luck on your final exam!
SECTION 1 — SAFETY & INFECTION CONTROL (1-25)
1. The nurse prepares to enter the room of a client on droplet precautions. Which
personal protective equipment (PPE) is required?
A. N95 respirator
B. Surgical mask
C. Gown only
D. Gloves only
Droplet precautions require a surgical mask within 3 feet of the client. N95 respirators are
used for airborne precautions. Gown and gloves are added if contact with bodily fluids is
anticipated .
2. Which action demonstrates correct sterile technique?
,A. Turning back toward the sterile field
B. Holding sterile items below the waist
C. Keeping hands in line of sight
D. Touching the ½-inch border of the sterile field
Sterile items must be kept within the line of sight and above waist level to maintain sterility.
Turning away from the sterile field, holding items below the waist, or touching the border
(which is considered non-sterile) all violate sterile technique .
3. The nurse identifies which client as MOST at risk for falls?
A. 32-year-old post-operative patient
B. 55-year-old with pneumonia
C. *87-year-old with orthostatic hypotension*
D. 48-year-old with migraines
Older adults with orthostatic hypotension are at highest risk for falls due to age-related
changes, blood pressure instability, and potential dizziness upon standing. Advanced age
combined with cardiovascular instability significantly increases fall risk .
4. A fire starts in a client's room. Which action does the nurse take FIRST?
A. Extinguish the fire
B. Activate the alarm
C. Rescue the client
D. Close all doors
The RACE acronym guides fire response: Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish. Rescuing
the client from immediate danger is always the priority before activating alarms or
attempting to extinguish the fire .
5. The nurse notices a UAP attempting to transfer a weak client without a gait belt.
What should the nurse do?
A. Supervise closely
B. Allow if the client agrees
C. Stop and reeducate the UAP
D. Document the incident only
The nurse must immediately stop unsafe practice and reeducate the UAP about proper
transfer techniques. Patient safety is paramount, and delegation requires appropriate
supervision and correction of unsafe actions .
,6. Which of the following items require contact precautions? (Select All That Apply)
A. MRSA
B. C. difficile
C. Influenza
D. RSV in infants
E. Tuberculosis
Contact precautions are required for MRSA, C. difficile, and RSV. Influenza requires droplet
precautions. Tuberculosis requires airborne precautions with an N95 respirator .
7. The nurse safely disposes of a full sharps container by placing it:
A. Inside a linen hamper
B. In a biohazard room
C. In regular trash
D. On top of the medication cart
Full sharps containers must be disposed of in designated biohazard waste areas according
to facility policy. Sharps should never be placed in regular trash or left in client care areas
due to risk of needlestick injury .
8. Which task is appropriate to delegate to a UAP?
A. Assessing pain
B. Teaching incentive spirometer use
C. Ambulating a stable client
D. Monitoring an IV site
UAPs can ambulate stable clients as this is a routine task. Assessment, teaching, and IV
monitoring require licensed nursing judgment and cannot be delegated to unlicensed
personnel .
9. When preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter, the nurse should:
A. Don clean gloves
B. Maintain sterile technique
C. Place the client in a prone position
D. Ask the client to take deep breaths
Indwelling catheter insertion requires sterile technique to prevent introducing
microorganisms into the urinary tract and causing catheter-associated infection .
, 10. The priority risk for a confused client climbing out of bed is:
A. Social isolation
B. Skin breakdown
C. Falls
D. Anxiety
A confused client attempting to climb out of bed is at immediate risk for falls, which can
result in serious injury including fractures or head trauma. Safety is the priority concern .
11. A client with active tuberculosis (TB) requires which type of precautions?
A. Contact
B. Droplet
C. Airborne
D. Standard
TB requires airborne precautions, including a negative pressure room and N95 respirator for
staff. The organism is transmitted via small airborne droplets that remain suspended in the
air .
12. To prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), the nurse must:
A. Disconnect tubing to empty the drainage bag
B. Maintain a closed system
C. Collect urine from the drainage bag
D. Clamp tubing to promote drainage
Maintaining a closed urinary drainage system is essential for preventing CAUTI. Breaking
the closed system increases the risk of introducing bacteria into the urinary tract .
13. A red, painful IV site indicates:
A. Infiltration
B. Phlebitis
C. Extravasation
D. Air embolism
Phlebitis presents with redness, warmth, tenderness, and pain along the vein. Infiltration
involves swelling and coolness without redness. Phlebitis indicates inflammation of the
vein .
14. Which assessment finding indicates phlebitis at an IV site?
