NSG 122 Nursing Fundamental Concepts Final
Exam 2026 Complete Practice Test Bank
(Questions and Answers with Detailed
Rationales) NCLEX-Style Questions, Most Tested
Topics, Verified Answers, Study Guide & Exam
Prep Bundle
INTRODUCTION
This NSG 122 Nursing Fundamental Concepts Final Exam Practice Test Bank is a carefully
developed resource designed to help nursing students master the essential principles required for
success in both academic exams and real-world clinical practice. This full-length exam includes
100 high-quality NCLEX-style questions that reflect the most commonly tested concepts in
nursing fundamentals.
Each question is presented in a detailed clinical scenario format, helping students develop
critical thinking, prioritization, and decision-making skills necessary for safe and effective
patient care. The content aligns with core nursing competencies and emphasizes real-life
application rather than simple memorization.
What This Exam Covers
This comprehensive exam focuses on the most important nursing fundamentals topics, including:
Patient safety and fall prevention
Infection control and standard precautions
Vital signs and physical assessment
Medication administration and the “six rights”
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Oxygenation and respiratory care
Mobility, skin integrity, and pressure injury prevention
Pain assessment and management
Nursing process (ADPIE) and clinical judgment
Documentation, ethics, and legal considerations
,Q1.
A newly licensed nurse is preparing to administer morning medications to a group of
patients on a medical-surgical unit. While reviewing the medication administration record
(MAR), the nurse notes that one patient has a similar name to another patient in a nearby
room. To prevent a potential medication error, which action should the nurse take as the
most appropriate application of safe medication administration principles?
A. Rely on room number and patient recognition from previous shifts
B. Ask another nurse to verify the medication before administration
C. Use at least two patient identifiers and compare them with the MAR before administering
medications
D. Administer medications quickly to avoid delays in care
Correct Answer: C
Using two patient identifiers (such as name and date of birth) is a core safety practice that
prevents medication errors, especially when patients have similar names.
Q2.
A nurse is caring for a 78-year-old patient who has been immobile following hip surgery for
the past 3 days. The nurse notes that the patient has decreased appetite, fragile skin, and
limited ability to reposition independently. Which nursing intervention is most critical to
prevent complications related to immobility?
A. Encouraging the patient to remain still to promote healing
B. Repositioning the patient at least every 2 hours and using pressure-relieving devices
C. Limiting fluid intake to reduce risk of edema
D. Applying heat to pressure areas to improve circulation
Correct Answer: B
Frequent repositioning and pressure relief prevent tissue ischemia and pressure ulcer
formation, especially in high-risk immobile patients.
Q3.
A nurse is assessing a patient who presents with a blood pressure of 86/50 mmHg, heart
rate of 122 beats per minute, cool clammy skin, and decreased urine output. The patient
,reports feeling dizzy and weak. Based on these findings, which condition should the nurse
suspect as the priority concern?
A. Hypertensive crisis
B. Hypovolemic shock
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: B
The combination of hypotension, tachycardia, poor perfusion, and decreased urine output is
consistent with hypovolemic shock.
Q4.
A nurse is providing patient education about infection prevention to a postoperative patient
and their family. Which statement by the patient indicates a correct understanding of
effective infection control practices?
A. “I only need to wash my hands if they look dirty.”
B. “Using alcohol-based hand sanitizer is acceptable when my hands are not visibly soiled.”
C. “Wearing gloves means I do not need to wash my hands.”
D. “Handwashing is only necessary after using the restroom.”
Correct Answer: B
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are effective when hands are not visibly soiled and are widely
recommended in clinical practice.
Q5.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min. During
assessment, the nurse notes that the patient’s oxygen saturation has decreased to 88%,
and the patient appears restless and slightly confused. What is the nurse’s priority action?
A. Continue monitoring and reassess in 30 minutes
B. Increase oxygen flow rate per protocol and notify the provider
C. Remove oxygen therapy to reassess baseline
D. Encourage the patient to take deep breaths without adjusting oxygen
Correct Answer: B
, Low oxygen saturation with signs of hypoxia requires immediate intervention to improve
oxygen delivery.
Q6.
A nurse is performing a comprehensive abdominal assessment on a patient who reports
nausea and abdominal discomfort. To ensure accurate assessment findings, in which order
should the nurse perform the abdominal examination?
A. Palpation, percussion, auscultation, inspection
B. Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
C. Auscultation, inspection, palpation, percussion
D. Percussion, palpation, inspection, auscultation
Correct Answer: B
Auscultation must occur before palpation and percussion to avoid altering bowel sounds.
Q7.
A patient refuses a scheduled antihypertensive medication, stating concerns about side
effects. What is the most appropriate initial response by the nurse?
A. Document refusal and leave the room
B. Explain the purpose, benefits, and risks of the medication and respect the patient’s
decision
C. Force the patient to take the medication for safety
D. Immediately notify security
Correct Answer: B
Patient autonomy must be respected; education should be provided to support informed
decision-making.
Q8.
A nurse observes another healthcare worker exiting a patient’s room without performing
hand hygiene after removing gloves. What is the most appropriate action for the observing
nurse?
A. Ignore the behavior to avoid conflict
B. Immediately report the coworker to management
Exam 2026 Complete Practice Test Bank
(Questions and Answers with Detailed
Rationales) NCLEX-Style Questions, Most Tested
Topics, Verified Answers, Study Guide & Exam
Prep Bundle
INTRODUCTION
This NSG 122 Nursing Fundamental Concepts Final Exam Practice Test Bank is a carefully
developed resource designed to help nursing students master the essential principles required for
success in both academic exams and real-world clinical practice. This full-length exam includes
100 high-quality NCLEX-style questions that reflect the most commonly tested concepts in
nursing fundamentals.
Each question is presented in a detailed clinical scenario format, helping students develop
critical thinking, prioritization, and decision-making skills necessary for safe and effective
patient care. The content aligns with core nursing competencies and emphasizes real-life
application rather than simple memorization.
What This Exam Covers
This comprehensive exam focuses on the most important nursing fundamentals topics, including:
Patient safety and fall prevention
Infection control and standard precautions
Vital signs and physical assessment
Medication administration and the “six rights”
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Oxygenation and respiratory care
Mobility, skin integrity, and pressure injury prevention
Pain assessment and management
Nursing process (ADPIE) and clinical judgment
Documentation, ethics, and legal considerations
,Q1.
A newly licensed nurse is preparing to administer morning medications to a group of
patients on a medical-surgical unit. While reviewing the medication administration record
(MAR), the nurse notes that one patient has a similar name to another patient in a nearby
room. To prevent a potential medication error, which action should the nurse take as the
most appropriate application of safe medication administration principles?
A. Rely on room number and patient recognition from previous shifts
B. Ask another nurse to verify the medication before administration
C. Use at least two patient identifiers and compare them with the MAR before administering
medications
D. Administer medications quickly to avoid delays in care
Correct Answer: C
Using two patient identifiers (such as name and date of birth) is a core safety practice that
prevents medication errors, especially when patients have similar names.
Q2.
A nurse is caring for a 78-year-old patient who has been immobile following hip surgery for
the past 3 days. The nurse notes that the patient has decreased appetite, fragile skin, and
limited ability to reposition independently. Which nursing intervention is most critical to
prevent complications related to immobility?
A. Encouraging the patient to remain still to promote healing
B. Repositioning the patient at least every 2 hours and using pressure-relieving devices
C. Limiting fluid intake to reduce risk of edema
D. Applying heat to pressure areas to improve circulation
Correct Answer: B
Frequent repositioning and pressure relief prevent tissue ischemia and pressure ulcer
formation, especially in high-risk immobile patients.
Q3.
A nurse is assessing a patient who presents with a blood pressure of 86/50 mmHg, heart
rate of 122 beats per minute, cool clammy skin, and decreased urine output. The patient
,reports feeling dizzy and weak. Based on these findings, which condition should the nurse
suspect as the priority concern?
A. Hypertensive crisis
B. Hypovolemic shock
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: B
The combination of hypotension, tachycardia, poor perfusion, and decreased urine output is
consistent with hypovolemic shock.
Q4.
A nurse is providing patient education about infection prevention to a postoperative patient
and their family. Which statement by the patient indicates a correct understanding of
effective infection control practices?
A. “I only need to wash my hands if they look dirty.”
B. “Using alcohol-based hand sanitizer is acceptable when my hands are not visibly soiled.”
C. “Wearing gloves means I do not need to wash my hands.”
D. “Handwashing is only necessary after using the restroom.”
Correct Answer: B
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are effective when hands are not visibly soiled and are widely
recommended in clinical practice.
Q5.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min. During
assessment, the nurse notes that the patient’s oxygen saturation has decreased to 88%,
and the patient appears restless and slightly confused. What is the nurse’s priority action?
A. Continue monitoring and reassess in 30 minutes
B. Increase oxygen flow rate per protocol and notify the provider
C. Remove oxygen therapy to reassess baseline
D. Encourage the patient to take deep breaths without adjusting oxygen
Correct Answer: B
, Low oxygen saturation with signs of hypoxia requires immediate intervention to improve
oxygen delivery.
Q6.
A nurse is performing a comprehensive abdominal assessment on a patient who reports
nausea and abdominal discomfort. To ensure accurate assessment findings, in which order
should the nurse perform the abdominal examination?
A. Palpation, percussion, auscultation, inspection
B. Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
C. Auscultation, inspection, palpation, percussion
D. Percussion, palpation, inspection, auscultation
Correct Answer: B
Auscultation must occur before palpation and percussion to avoid altering bowel sounds.
Q7.
A patient refuses a scheduled antihypertensive medication, stating concerns about side
effects. What is the most appropriate initial response by the nurse?
A. Document refusal and leave the room
B. Explain the purpose, benefits, and risks of the medication and respect the patient’s
decision
C. Force the patient to take the medication for safety
D. Immediately notify security
Correct Answer: B
Patient autonomy must be respected; education should be provided to support informed
decision-making.
Q8.
A nurse observes another healthcare worker exiting a patient’s room without performing
hand hygiene after removing gloves. What is the most appropriate action for the observing
nurse?
A. Ignore the behavior to avoid conflict
B. Immediately report the coworker to management
