WGU D574 NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OA WESTERN
GOVERNORS UNIVERSITY 2025
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ biological psychology. Answer: also known as biopsychology,
psychobiology, or physiological psychology, this branch of psychology
focuses on understanding behavior through physiological, evolutionary,
and developmental mechanisms
⩥ consciousness. Answer: the state or quality of awareness, subjectivity,
and experience, particularly in the context of the mind-body problem
and its relationship to brain activity
⩥ evolutionary explanation. Answer: the description of the evolutionary
history of a structure or behavior, highlighting modifications from
ancestral species and adaptive advantages
⩥ functional explanation. Answer: the description of why a structure or
behavior evolved as it did, identifying the adaptive benefits conferred by
certain traits
,⩥ ontogenetic explanation. Answer: the description of the
developmental processes underlying a behavior or trait, often involving
genetic and environmental influences during an organism's lifespan
⩥ physiological explanation. Answer: the description of the relationship
between a behavior and the activity of the brain and other bodily organs,
focusing on the biological mechanisms underlying behavior
⩥ neuroethics. Answer: The study of ethical issues arising from research
in neuroscience and related fields, including concerns about animal
research and human experimentation
⩥ three R's. Answer: reduction, replacement, and refinement; legal
standards for animal research aimed at reducing the number of animals
used, finding alternatives to animal models when possible, and refining
procedures to minimize pain and distress
⩥ astrocytes. Answer: star-shaped glial cells that wrap around dendrites,
synchronize closely related neurons, and regulate blood flow in active
brain areas
⩥ axon. Answer: a thin fiber of constant diameter that conveys impulses
from one neuron to another
,⩥ dendrites. Answer: branching fibers that receive information from
other neurons and contain synaptic receptors
⩥ glia. Answer: non-neuronal cells that support and protect neurons,
including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells
⩥ mitochondria. Answer: organelles responsible for generating energy
(ATP) in cells, which is crucial for brain function, cognition, and mental
health
⩥ myelin sheath. Answer: insulating material that surrounds and protects
certain vertebrate axons, improving the speed of nerve impulses
⩥ neurons. Answer: specialized cells responsible for receiving,
processing, and transmitting information in the nervous system
⩥ soma. Answer: the cell body of a neuron containing the nucleus,
ribosomes, and mitochondria
⩥ synapse. Answer: junction between two neurons where chemical
signals are transmitted from one neuron to another
⩥ action potential. Answer: messages sent by axons, characterized by
depolarization of the neuron membrane
, ⩥ all-or-none law. Answer: the principle stating that all action potentials,
once initiated, are approximately equal in amplitude and velocity,
regardless of the intensity of the stimulus
⩥ depolarization. Answer: reduction of the difference in electrical charge
between the inside and outside of a neuron, leading to the initiation of an
action potential
⩥ hyperpolarization. Answer: increased polarization of the neuron
membrane, resulting in a more negative charge inside the cell compared
to the outside
⩥ nodes of Ranvier. Answer: short sections along myelinated axons
where the myelin sheath is interrupted, facilitating rapid transmission of
action potentials
⩥ refractory period. Answer: period during which the neuron membrane
is resistant to starting another action potential immediately after an
action potential
⩥ resting potential. Answer: the electrical charge difference between the
inside and outside of a neuron when it is not transmitting signals.
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OA WESTERN
GOVERNORS UNIVERSITY 2025
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ biological psychology. Answer: also known as biopsychology,
psychobiology, or physiological psychology, this branch of psychology
focuses on understanding behavior through physiological, evolutionary,
and developmental mechanisms
⩥ consciousness. Answer: the state or quality of awareness, subjectivity,
and experience, particularly in the context of the mind-body problem
and its relationship to brain activity
⩥ evolutionary explanation. Answer: the description of the evolutionary
history of a structure or behavior, highlighting modifications from
ancestral species and adaptive advantages
⩥ functional explanation. Answer: the description of why a structure or
behavior evolved as it did, identifying the adaptive benefits conferred by
certain traits
,⩥ ontogenetic explanation. Answer: the description of the
developmental processes underlying a behavior or trait, often involving
genetic and environmental influences during an organism's lifespan
⩥ physiological explanation. Answer: the description of the relationship
between a behavior and the activity of the brain and other bodily organs,
focusing on the biological mechanisms underlying behavior
⩥ neuroethics. Answer: The study of ethical issues arising from research
in neuroscience and related fields, including concerns about animal
research and human experimentation
⩥ three R's. Answer: reduction, replacement, and refinement; legal
standards for animal research aimed at reducing the number of animals
used, finding alternatives to animal models when possible, and refining
procedures to minimize pain and distress
⩥ astrocytes. Answer: star-shaped glial cells that wrap around dendrites,
synchronize closely related neurons, and regulate blood flow in active
brain areas
⩥ axon. Answer: a thin fiber of constant diameter that conveys impulses
from one neuron to another
,⩥ dendrites. Answer: branching fibers that receive information from
other neurons and contain synaptic receptors
⩥ glia. Answer: non-neuronal cells that support and protect neurons,
including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells
⩥ mitochondria. Answer: organelles responsible for generating energy
(ATP) in cells, which is crucial for brain function, cognition, and mental
health
⩥ myelin sheath. Answer: insulating material that surrounds and protects
certain vertebrate axons, improving the speed of nerve impulses
⩥ neurons. Answer: specialized cells responsible for receiving,
processing, and transmitting information in the nervous system
⩥ soma. Answer: the cell body of a neuron containing the nucleus,
ribosomes, and mitochondria
⩥ synapse. Answer: junction between two neurons where chemical
signals are transmitted from one neuron to another
⩥ action potential. Answer: messages sent by axons, characterized by
depolarization of the neuron membrane
, ⩥ all-or-none law. Answer: the principle stating that all action potentials,
once initiated, are approximately equal in amplitude and velocity,
regardless of the intensity of the stimulus
⩥ depolarization. Answer: reduction of the difference in electrical charge
between the inside and outside of a neuron, leading to the initiation of an
action potential
⩥ hyperpolarization. Answer: increased polarization of the neuron
membrane, resulting in a more negative charge inside the cell compared
to the outside
⩥ nodes of Ranvier. Answer: short sections along myelinated axons
where the myelin sheath is interrupted, facilitating rapid transmission of
action potentials
⩥ refractory period. Answer: period during which the neuron membrane
is resistant to starting another action potential immediately after an
action potential
⩥ resting potential. Answer: the electrical charge difference between the
inside and outside of a neuron when it is not transmitting signals.
