LATEST UPDATE COMPLETE
CERTIFICATION TEST SCRIPT 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥Stage 2 Pressure ulcer. Answer: loss of epidermis/dermis-could look
like a shallow abrasion
⩥Stage 3 pressure ulcer. Answer: goes all the way into sub q tissue
⩥Stage 4 pressure ulcer. Answer: involves all skin layers and goes into
muscle, bone, tendon
⩥Excoriation. Answer: Skin abrasions, usually superficial, due to
scratching of the skin.
⩥Scar. Answer: A mark on the skin that is left after a cut or other wound
has healed.
⩥Atrophic Scar. Answer: Pitted or sunken scars
⩥Lichenification. Answer: Diffuse thickening of the epidermis, with
resulting accentuation of skin lines.
,⩥Keloid. Answer: - A tough heaped-up scar that rises quite abruptly
above the rest of the skin.
- Commonly found in African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics
⩥Vascular Lesions. Answer: - Occur with systemic disorders
- Proliferation of blood vessels
⩥Hemangiomas. Answer: - Port-wine stain (nevus flammeus)
- Strawberry mark (immature hemangioma)
- Cavernous hemangioma (mature)
⩥Telangiectases. Answer: - Spider or star angioma
- Venous lake
⩥Purpuric lesions. Answer: - Petechiae
- Purpura
⩥Lesions caused by trauma or abuse. Answer: - Pattern injury
- Hematoma
- Contusion (bruise)
,⩥Aging adult skin inspection. Answer: - Pale (deceased melanin), thin
skin, less elasticity
- Senile Lentigines often called "Liver Spots"
- Keratoses
rough, crusty, elevated, often on dorsal surface of hand or on face.
⩥Petechiae. Answer: tiny hemorrhages, bleeding from superficial
capillaries, do not blanch, also look for in buccal cavity
⩥Signs of arterial insufficiency. Answer: - Decreased hair on extremities
- Coolness of skin on extremities
- Shiny, thin skin
⩥Edema rating scale. Answer: - 1+ = mild edema, slight indentation
- 2+= moderate pitting, indentation goes away rapidly
- 3+= deep pitting, remains a short time, area "looks" swollen
- 4+= very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time, area "looks" very
swollen
⩥Anasarca. Answer: heart failure, organ failure
⩥Nevi acronym. Answer: ABCDE
, ⩥ABCDE. Answer: A - Asymmetry
B - Border irregularity
C - Color nonuniform
D - Diameter greater than 6 mm
E - Evolving size and shape
⩥Basal Cell Carcinoma. Answer: - most common form of skin cancer
- Basal layer of epidermis
- Deeply pigmented, central red ulcer, pearly edges-may look like an
open pore (face, ears and neck, scalp shoulders are common sites)
- Warning signs
1) Open sore
2) Bleeding
3) Wont heal
4) Older age
5) Toxin exposure
6) Repeated trauma
⩥Squamous cell. Answer: - Less common
- Grows rapidly
- Central ulcer with surrounding erythema
- Scaly patch