NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf
Terms in this set (169)
What is nephrolithiasis? renal calculi (kidney stones)
How does Renal calculi form? formed d/t elevated levels of minerals in the body
What minerals in excess can cause renal calculi? calcium oxalate (most common),
phosphate
uric acid
struvite
cystine
Urolithiasis stone in the bladder
Ureterolithiasis condition of stones in the ureter
Risk Factor & complications of renal calculi -Male, 20-50yo, previous stones, obesity, HTN, diabetes, low fluid intake.
-complications of stones: obstructions, pyelonephritis (kidney infection),
CKD
NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf 3/30/2026, 5:32:13 PM
,NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf
Classic Kidney stone presentation acute onset of severe, colicky flank pain that wax and wane in intensity.
Severe pain is associated with the movement of the stone and can cause
n/v.
pt may seem anxious and unable to sit still
history and physical for nephrolithiasis (kidney Irritative Bladder symptoms -dysuria (painful or difficulty urinating),
stones) urgency, & frequency
Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with increasing intensity
Radiation of pain into the groin
Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
Hematuria
Diaphoretic, tachycardic, appear extremely uncomfortable
CVA tenderness tell your the stone is located caused by passing of the stone through the ureter with obstruction &
where? spasm
Where is the stone located if the patient has pain in pain that radiates downward into the groin indicates the stone has
the groin region? passed into the lower third of the ureter
NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf 3/30/2026, 5:32:13 PM
,NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf
Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with stones in renal pelvis
increasing intensity means the stone is located
where?
Differential Diagnosis for abdominal pain and/or Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
flank pain: Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)
Ectopic pregnancy
Ovarian or testicular torsion
Appendicitis
Bowel obstruction
Diverticulitis
Rupture of aortic aneurysm
Right lower abdominal tenderness with a Blumberg sign: Rebound tenderness in the RLQ, caused by acute
+Blumberg sign. What should be suspected? peritonitis.
*Appendicitis
What labs do we run to diagnose a kidney stone? UA dipstick, urine microscopy and urine C&S
Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) to assess renal
function.
NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf 3/30/2026, 5:32:13 PM
, NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf
What radiology methods are preferred for inexpensive, easily accessible. in combo its more practical
outpatient treatment and why -KUB xray
-Renal Ultrasound
What stones can be seen on a KUB? CAN see: Calcium oxalate - most common type of stone
What stone can you not see on a KUB CANNOT see: uric acid stones (radio translucent)
What is a Renal Ultrasound used for when testing good for assessing for hydronephrosis (excess fluid in the kidney d/t
for kidney stones? back up of urine that can be caused by an obstruction). Bad for
identifying a stone.
What is the GOLD STANDARD for diagnosing a Non-contrast CT scan.
kidney stone?
NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf 3/30/2026, 5:32:13 PM
Terms in this set (169)
What is nephrolithiasis? renal calculi (kidney stones)
How does Renal calculi form? formed d/t elevated levels of minerals in the body
What minerals in excess can cause renal calculi? calcium oxalate (most common),
phosphate
uric acid
struvite
cystine
Urolithiasis stone in the bladder
Ureterolithiasis condition of stones in the ureter
Risk Factor & complications of renal calculi -Male, 20-50yo, previous stones, obesity, HTN, diabetes, low fluid intake.
-complications of stones: obstructions, pyelonephritis (kidney infection),
CKD
NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf 3/30/2026, 5:32:13 PM
,NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf
Classic Kidney stone presentation acute onset of severe, colicky flank pain that wax and wane in intensity.
Severe pain is associated with the movement of the stone and can cause
n/v.
pt may seem anxious and unable to sit still
history and physical for nephrolithiasis (kidney Irritative Bladder symptoms -dysuria (painful or difficulty urinating),
stones) urgency, & frequency
Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with increasing intensity
Radiation of pain into the groin
Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
Hematuria
Diaphoretic, tachycardic, appear extremely uncomfortable
CVA tenderness tell your the stone is located caused by passing of the stone through the ureter with obstruction &
where? spasm
Where is the stone located if the patient has pain in pain that radiates downward into the groin indicates the stone has
the groin region? passed into the lower third of the ureter
NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf 3/30/2026, 5:32:13 PM
,NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf
Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with stones in renal pelvis
increasing intensity means the stone is located
where?
Differential Diagnosis for abdominal pain and/or Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
flank pain: Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)
Ectopic pregnancy
Ovarian or testicular torsion
Appendicitis
Bowel obstruction
Diverticulitis
Rupture of aortic aneurysm
Right lower abdominal tenderness with a Blumberg sign: Rebound tenderness in the RLQ, caused by acute
+Blumberg sign. What should be suspected? peritonitis.
*Appendicitis
What labs do we run to diagnose a kidney stone? UA dipstick, urine microscopy and urine C&S
Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) to assess renal
function.
NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf 3/30/2026, 5:32:13 PM
, NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf
What radiology methods are preferred for inexpensive, easily accessible. in combo its more practical
outpatient treatment and why -KUB xray
-Renal Ultrasound
What stones can be seen on a KUB? CAN see: Calcium oxalate - most common type of stone
What stone can you not see on a KUB CANNOT see: uric acid stones (radio translucent)
What is a Renal Ultrasound used for when testing good for assessing for hydronephrosis (excess fluid in the kidney d/t
for kidney stones? back up of urine that can be caused by an obstruction). Bad for
identifying a stone.
What is the GOLD STANDARD for diagnosing a Non-contrast CT scan.
kidney stone?
NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam.pdf 3/30/2026, 5:32:13 PM
