ASC 378 FINAL INFO EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

ASC 378 FINAL INFO EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 what do feed additives provide - Answers nonnutritive substances added to: sstimulate growth improve feed utilization improve health exceptions for feed additives for mature animals - Answers buffers and thyroprotein compounds most common nonnutritive additives - Answers antibacterial agents (antibiotics and sulfa drugs) hormones others (buffers, charcole, etc..) feed additive classification - Answers medications antioxidants antifungal enzymes direct-fed microbes essential oils fermentation products herbs pellet binders surfactants pigments flavors stool conditioners buffers sub-therapeutic antibiotics (antimicrobials) - Answers decrease sub-clinical factors decrease growth depressing microbes decrease gut maintenance decrease competition for nutrients plants extracts - Answers antimicrobial decreeases intestional turnover probiotics - Answers specific pathogen exclusion antimicrobial action improve nutrient use live bacteria antibiotics use - Answers suppress or inhibit growth of certain microorganisms levels of fed antibiotics - Answers genral preformance inhancement (low dose) disease prevention (50-200 g/ton of feed) therapeutic levels (200-500 g/ton) effects of antibiotic feeding - Answers consume more feed, gain weight faster reduces morbidity reduced mortaility reduced secondary infections where are antibiotics feed for ruminant aniamls - Answers feedlot lambs finishing lambs feedlot cattle (*young stressed calves) dairy cows mode of action of antibiotics - Answers secondary nutrient metabolic impacts that effect enzymes like oxidative phosphorlation nutrient sparing effect disease control socetial concenr of antibiotics - Answers more resistant? public health issue? MGA (melengestrol acetate) - Answers synthetic progesterone that supressesestrus and promotes growth (through water retention) synovex - Answers s: 200 mg progesterone h: 200 mg testerone ralgro - Answers acts like estrogen DES (diethylstillbestrol) - Answers synthentic estrogen no longer in use BST (bovine somato trophin) - Answers growth hormone activated carbon - Answers reduces recycling of pesticides in dairy cows bentonite - Answers specialized clay that acts as an anticaking agent (prevents uneven distribution of feed) bloat control compounds - Answers surface active agents that prevent/treat bloat buffers - Answers increase salivation in ruminants to help compensate for build up of lactic acid due to stress opr high concentrate diets when are buffers benefical for dairy cows - Answers use of annonium chloride is post-partum low milkfat problems shifts to high concentration diets enzymes - Answers protect GI enviromental factors: phytase (phytic acid) betaglucanase (carbohydrates) protase (protein) methane inhibitors - Answers reduces efficiency of rumen fermentation which increases ruminant production and decreases methane emission which is linked to global warming B-agonists - Answers ractopamine more energy toward protein deposition away from fat deposition moldy corn disease - Answers 1934 killed horses moldy peanut - Answers 1860 killed turkeys mold products - Answers antibiotics mycotoxins mycotoxins - Answers toxic metabolites of filamentous fungi (mold) mycotoxicoses - Answers disease produced by mycotoxins cytotoxicity - Answers dispructs cell membranes and what happens under mycotoxicoses where are mycotoxins common - Answers cera; and oilseed (palnt based products) components of mycotoxins - Answers aerobic multicellular require little water impact of mycotoxins - Answers feed refusla diugestive problems nervous system issues severe reproduction impacts immune suppression organ damage (intestine, liver, kidney, brain) teratogenic (deformed fetus) carcinogenic death (morbidity) important microtoxins in US - Answers aflatoxins zearalenone fumonsin ochratoxin (used for penicillen) where can aflatoxins be found - Answers arkansas, arizona, north carolina where can zearalenone be found - Answers wisconsia where can DON be found - Answers michigan, south dekota where can ochratoxin be found - Answers south carolina where can ergotamine be found - Answers wyoming where can termorgens be found - Answers lousiana things that increase mycotoxin growth - Answers heat moisture insect damage low Ca in soil aflatoxins - Answers teratogenic carcinogenic cause hemorrhages types of alflatoxins - Answers B1 (most prevalent and dangerous) B2 G1 G2 M1 (found in milk) acute primary mycotoxicoses - Answers high toxins short period of time chronic primary mycotoxicoses - Answers low toxins long period of time secondary mycotoxic disease - Answers low low toxins immunosupression how to prevent mold growth - Answers ammoniation (most effective) organic acids salts of organic acids (least effective) how to reduce aflatoxin content - Answers mechanical screening chemical inactivation propionic acid blending (not legal) dietary maniulations to alter response to mycotoxins - Answers inorganic binders organiuc binders (breaks down functionality of mycotoxins) unprocessed grains - Answers processed bulk ingredients - Answers soft feed ingredients - Answers heavy feed ingredients - Answers liquids - Answers micro ingredients - Answers unloading mechanisms - Answers truck dumper hopper bottom trailers mechanical scoops front end lloader for barges recieving equipment - Answers scales unloading mechanisms recieving hopper cleaning/screening devices elevator legs truck purpose at feed lots - Answers flat bottom trucks are lifted until materials flow from trailer safety requirements for trucks - Answers driver not in vehicle employess not near raised platform key factors for warehouses - Answers stored on racks first in first out grinding operations - Answers increase surface area enhances energy and nutrient digestibility functions of grinding - Answers acheive proper particle size imporve efficency of pelleting maintain physical characteristics target particle size - Answers fine (less than 400 microns) medium (400-700) coarse (greater than 700 microns) grinding capacity target - Answers coarser grinder (roller mill) finer grind (hammermill) energy consumptions - Answers roller mill more efficient at larger particle size and less efficient at smaller size factors to consider for roller mill - Answers re-corrugation freight cost routine gap adjustment higher maintenance time less dust and lower noise factors to consider for hammermill - Answers screen replacement hammer replacement minimal maintenance time requires dust control high noise risk for fire how do hammermill operations control particle size - Answers screen size hammer tip speed air assisit system hammer setting hammer pattern how do roller mill operations control particle size - Answers number of roll pairs roll gap roll speed corrigations corrugatrion number advantages of hammer mills - Answers produces wide range of particle size works with any friable material and fibre lower purchase cost compard to roller mills minimal expense for maintenance uncomplicated disadvantges of hammer mill - Answers produces greater particle size variability less efficent use of energy copmared to the roller mill generates heat noise and dust pollution advantagesw of roller mills - Answers low energy consumption low noise of operation lack of heat increase and moisture loss uniformity of particle size of milled product disadvantages of roller mills - Answers high investiment cost complicated operation expensive and complicated maintenance will not grinf fibrous materials very strict requirements for cleaning before grinding batching and mixing objective - Answers accurate weighing of ingredients minimum batching time production of feed with uniform distribution batching equipment - Answers micro bin systems tote bag systems scales (major and minor) weigh buggy mixer problems - Answers material on ribbons material on paddles liquid spray nozzle material build up fat sprayed on ribbon and shaft fat lumps created by poor liquid application and mixing causes of weight variations - Answers hand-weighing ingredients micro-ingredients and premix dose errors discrepancies between call size and scale resolution commonm mixers in the industry - Answers horizontal double ribbon paddle vertical counterpoise feed composition componenets as animal ages - Answers lipid increase H2o decrease plant composition as they age - Answers decreased crude protein decreased relative feed value increased NDF and ADF highed dry matter in plants - Answers stem seed leaf highest protein in plant - Answers seed leaf stem highest fat in plant - Answers seed stem leaf highest carbohydrate in plant - Answers stem seed leaf what do plants have in feed composition - Answers phytic acid crude fiber starch what do animla have in feed composition - Answers high Ca content headgut - Answers tongue, salavary glands, teeth foregut - Answers ruminants: rumen Birds: proventriculus, gizzard, crop non-ruminants: stomach midgut - Answers duodenum jejunum ileum hindgut - Answers cecum, large intestine hindgut fermentaters - Answers rabbits and horses bile emulsifies - Answers fat bicard buffers - Answers HCl and pepsin why do ruminants produce so much saliva - Answers to buffer pH in rumen so not to kill microbes hydrolytic digestion - Answers nonruminants enzymatic fermentative digestive - Answers ruminants microbial short chain fatty acids - Answers buterate propionate (low HI) acetate (high HI) where does ruminant energy come from - Answers short-chain fatty acid 3 monosaccharides - Answers glucose, fructose, galactose 3 disaccharides - Answers Lactose- glucose and galactose Maltose- glucose and glucose Sucrose- glucose and fructose brush border enzymes - Answers maltase fructase sucrase CCK - Answers secretes bicarb from gall bladder and pancrease (duodenal mucosa) Gastrin - Answers Acid secretion when stomach to basic (pyloric atrium) Somatostatin - Answers shuts down CCK, Gastrin, Secretin (abomasum) qualities for digestibility markers - Answers easy to analyze consumable nondigestible unabsorbable not pharmaceutical passes at a uniform rate good digestibility markers - Answers Cr2O3 SiO2 Fe2O3 Lignin