NURS 612 Chapter 12: Eyes

NURS 612 Chapter 12: Eyes Ball: Seidel’s Guide to Physical Examination, 9th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Contraction or relaxation of the ciliary body: a. allows voluntary blinking. b. changes lens thickness. c. regulates peripheral vision. d. sends light impulses to the brain. e. regulates tear production. ANS: B The lens is circularly supported by a framework of fibers from the ciliary body, and contraction or relaxation of this structure results in a change in the thickness of the lens, allowing for accommodation as needed. Voluntary blinking, peripheral vision, tear production, and impulses to the brain are not controlled by the ciliary body. TOP: Discipline: Physiology MSC: Organ System: Nervous 2. Term infants have a visual acuity of about: a. 20/20. b. 20/100. c. 20/200. d. 20/300. e. 20/400. ANS: E Term infants are hyperopic, with a visual acuity of less than 20/400. TOP: Discipline: Physiology MSC: Organ System: Nervous 3. At what age does an infant usually develop the ability to distinguish color? a. At birth b. 2 months c. 6 months d. 12 months e. 16 months ANS: C By 6 months of age, vision has developed so that colors can be differentiated. TOP: Discipline: Physiology MSC: Organ System: Nervous 4. An increased level of lysozyme in the tears will occur normally during which life stage? a. Adolescence b. Childhood c. Infancy d. Pregnancy e. Older adults ANS: D Because of rising hormonal levels, lysozyme is present in an increased amount in the tears during pregnancy. Tears are not affected by increased lysozyme at any other stage in life. TOP: Discipline: Physiology MSC: Organ System: Nervous 5. Which of the following is a relatively benign condition that may occur during pregnancy or labor? a. Macular degeneration b. Papilledema c. Subconjunctival hemorrhage d. Cupping of the optic disc e. Presbyopia ANS: C Because of falling intraocular pressure during the late stages of pregnancy, hemorrhages may occur in the conjunctiva and resolve spontaneously. Papilledema is never a benign condition, and presbyopia, macular degeneration, and cupping of the optic disc occur in older adults. TOP: Discipline: Pathophysiology MSC: Organ System: Nervous 6. A condition that typically develops by the age of 45 years is: a. presbyopia. b. hyperopia. c. myopia. d. astigmatism. e. cataracts. ANS: A By 45 years of age, a condition known as presbyopia develops that involves a weakening of accommodation. Hyperopia occurs in early infancy; myopia and astigmatism can occur at any time. Cataracts generally develop in older adults. TOP: Discipline: Physiology MSC: Organ System: Nervous 7. Which of the following findings, when seen in an infant, is most ominous? a. Difficulty tracking objects with the eyes b. Appearing to have better peripheral than central vision c. Blinking when bright light is directed at face d. White pupils on photographs e. The appearance of convergence ANS: D