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NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam
(2026/2027) | Latest Update with Verified
Questions & Answers | Complete Guide |
Chamberlain Grade A
1. A nurse is teaching a patient about asthma. Which statement best describes the
pathophysiology of asthma?
A. Destruction of alveolar walls leading to decreased gas exchange
B. Bronchoconstriction and excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles
C. Thickening of bronchial walls due to chronic infection
D. Alveolar collapse due to lack of surfactant
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial
hyperreactivity, and bronchoconstriction, leading to airflow obstruction.
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2. A nurse is assessing a patient with asthma. Which are common signs and symptoms
of asthma? (Select all that apply.)
A. Coughing
B. Wheezing
C. Shortness of breath
D. Rapid breathing
E. Chest tightness
CORRECT ANSWER: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: Common asthma symptoms include coughing, wheezing (especially
expiratory), dyspnea (shortness of breath), tachypnea (rapid breathing), and chest
tightness.
3. A nurse is teaching about the pathophysiology of asthma. Which processes occur
during an asthma exacerbation? (Select all that apply.)
A. Airway inflammation
B. Bronchial smooth muscle spasm
C. Excess mucus production and accumulation
D. Alveolar wall destruction
E. Decreased alveolar ventilation
CORRECT ANSWER: A, B, C, E
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Rationale: Asthma pathophysiology includes airway inflammation, bronchial
hyperreactivity, smooth muscle spasm, excess mucus production, and decreased
alveolar ventilation. Alveolar wall destruction occurs in emphysema.
4. A nurse is teaching about the anatomy of the respiratory tract. What are
bronchioles?
A. The main passageways that carry air into the lungs
B. The smallest air passageways that lead to the alveoli
C. The air sacs where gas exchange occurs
D. The muscular structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: Bronchioles are the smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi and
lead to the alveoli.
5. A nurse is teaching about the layers of the bronchioles. What is the function of the
lamina propria?
A. To produce mucus for airway protection
B. To control airway constriction and dilation
C. To house white blood cells that help protect the airways
D. To facilitate gas exchange between air and blood
CORRECT ANSWER: C
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Rationale: The lamina propria is the middle layer of the bronchioles, containing
connective tissue and immune cells (white blood cells) that help protect the airways.
6. A nurse is teaching about the pathophysiology of asthma. How does the lamina
propria affect the lungs in asthma?
A. It produces excess mucus that blocks airways
B. Its protective white blood cell response goes into overdrive, causing inflammation
that damages host tissue
C. It causes bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy
D. It leads to alveolar hyperinflation
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: In asthma, the immune cells in the lamina propria become hyperresponsive,
causing an excessive inflammatory response that damages host tissue and contributes
to airway obstruction.
7. A nurse is teaching about the structure of the bronchioles. What does the innermost
layer of the bronchioles contain?
A. Smooth muscle cells
B. Columnar epithelial cells and mucus-producing goblet cells
C. Connective tissue and immune cells
D. Cartilage rings
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam
(2026/2027) | Latest Update with Verified
Questions & Answers | Complete Guide |
Chamberlain Grade A
1. A nurse is teaching a patient about asthma. Which statement best describes the
pathophysiology of asthma?
A. Destruction of alveolar walls leading to decreased gas exchange
B. Bronchoconstriction and excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles
C. Thickening of bronchial walls due to chronic infection
D. Alveolar collapse due to lack of surfactant
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial
hyperreactivity, and bronchoconstriction, leading to airflow obstruction.
,2|Page
2. A nurse is assessing a patient with asthma. Which are common signs and symptoms
of asthma? (Select all that apply.)
A. Coughing
B. Wheezing
C. Shortness of breath
D. Rapid breathing
E. Chest tightness
CORRECT ANSWER: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: Common asthma symptoms include coughing, wheezing (especially
expiratory), dyspnea (shortness of breath), tachypnea (rapid breathing), and chest
tightness.
3. A nurse is teaching about the pathophysiology of asthma. Which processes occur
during an asthma exacerbation? (Select all that apply.)
A. Airway inflammation
B. Bronchial smooth muscle spasm
C. Excess mucus production and accumulation
D. Alveolar wall destruction
E. Decreased alveolar ventilation
CORRECT ANSWER: A, B, C, E
,3|Page
Rationale: Asthma pathophysiology includes airway inflammation, bronchial
hyperreactivity, smooth muscle spasm, excess mucus production, and decreased
alveolar ventilation. Alveolar wall destruction occurs in emphysema.
4. A nurse is teaching about the anatomy of the respiratory tract. What are
bronchioles?
A. The main passageways that carry air into the lungs
B. The smallest air passageways that lead to the alveoli
C. The air sacs where gas exchange occurs
D. The muscular structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: Bronchioles are the smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi and
lead to the alveoli.
5. A nurse is teaching about the layers of the bronchioles. What is the function of the
lamina propria?
A. To produce mucus for airway protection
B. To control airway constriction and dilation
C. To house white blood cells that help protect the airways
D. To facilitate gas exchange between air and blood
CORRECT ANSWER: C
, 4|Page
Rationale: The lamina propria is the middle layer of the bronchioles, containing
connective tissue and immune cells (white blood cells) that help protect the airways.
6. A nurse is teaching about the pathophysiology of asthma. How does the lamina
propria affect the lungs in asthma?
A. It produces excess mucus that blocks airways
B. Its protective white blood cell response goes into overdrive, causing inflammation
that damages host tissue
C. It causes bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy
D. It leads to alveolar hyperinflation
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: In asthma, the immune cells in the lamina propria become hyperresponsive,
causing an excessive inflammatory response that damages host tissue and contributes
to airway obstruction.
7. A nurse is teaching about the structure of the bronchioles. What does the innermost
layer of the bronchioles contain?
A. Smooth muscle cells
B. Columnar epithelial cells and mucus-producing goblet cells
C. Connective tissue and immune cells
D. Cartilage rings
