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NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final
(2026/2027) | Verified Exam Questions, Step-by-
Step Rationales & NGN-Aligned Study Guide |
Grade A
1. A nurse is teaching about hormone classification. Which type of hormones are fat-
soluble and do not require a second messenger to cross cell membranes?
A. Water-soluble hormones
B. Steroid hormones
C. Peptide hormones
D. Protein hormones
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Steroid hormones are fat-soluble and can diffuse directly across the
phospholipid cell membrane to bind with intracellular receptors. Water-soluble
hormones require a second messenger system.
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2. A nurse is teaching about hormone transport. Water-soluble hormones require
what to transport across phospholipid membranes?
A. Carrier proteins
B. Second messenger system
C. Active transport pumps
D. Cholesterol transporters
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Water-soluble hormones (peptides, proteins) cannot cross the lipid bilayer
and require a second messenger system (e.g., cAMP) to transmit their signal into the
cell.
3. A nurse is reviewing pituitary hormones. Which hormones are secreted by the
anterior pituitary? (Select all that apply.)
A. TSH
B. GH
C. ACTH
D. ADH
E. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: A, B, C
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Rationale: Anterior pituitary hormones include TSH, GH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin, and
MSH. ADH and oxytocin are secreted by the posterior pituitary.
4. A nurse is teaching about the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). What
structures make up the posterior pituitary? (Select all that apply.)
A. Pars distalis
B. Median eminence
C. Pituitary stalk
D. Infundibular process (pars nervosa)
E. Pars tuberalis
Correct Answer: B, C, D
Rationale: The posterior pituitary consists of the median eminence, pituitary stalk, and
infundibular process (pars nervosa). The pars distalis and pars tuberalis are part of the
anterior pituitary.
5. A nurse is teaching about hypothalamic releasing hormones. Which hypothalamic
hormone inhibits the release of growth hormone and TSH?
A. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
B. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
C. Somatostatin
D. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
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Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Somatostatin (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone) inhibits the release of
growth hormone and TSH from the anterior pituitary.
6. A nurse is teaching about hypothalamic hormones. Which hormone stimulates the
release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary?
A. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
B. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
C. Somatostatin
D. Dopamine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the anterior pituitary to
release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
7. A nurse is teaching about hypothalamic regulation of prolactin. What inhibits the
synthesis and secretion of prolactin?
A. Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)
B. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
C. Dopamine
D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: C
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final
(2026/2027) | Verified Exam Questions, Step-by-
Step Rationales & NGN-Aligned Study Guide |
Grade A
1. A nurse is teaching about hormone classification. Which type of hormones are fat-
soluble and do not require a second messenger to cross cell membranes?
A. Water-soluble hormones
B. Steroid hormones
C. Peptide hormones
D. Protein hormones
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Steroid hormones are fat-soluble and can diffuse directly across the
phospholipid cell membrane to bind with intracellular receptors. Water-soluble
hormones require a second messenger system.
,2|Page
2. A nurse is teaching about hormone transport. Water-soluble hormones require
what to transport across phospholipid membranes?
A. Carrier proteins
B. Second messenger system
C. Active transport pumps
D. Cholesterol transporters
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Water-soluble hormones (peptides, proteins) cannot cross the lipid bilayer
and require a second messenger system (e.g., cAMP) to transmit their signal into the
cell.
3. A nurse is reviewing pituitary hormones. Which hormones are secreted by the
anterior pituitary? (Select all that apply.)
A. TSH
B. GH
C. ACTH
D. ADH
E. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: A, B, C
,3|Page
Rationale: Anterior pituitary hormones include TSH, GH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin, and
MSH. ADH and oxytocin are secreted by the posterior pituitary.
4. A nurse is teaching about the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). What
structures make up the posterior pituitary? (Select all that apply.)
A. Pars distalis
B. Median eminence
C. Pituitary stalk
D. Infundibular process (pars nervosa)
E. Pars tuberalis
Correct Answer: B, C, D
Rationale: The posterior pituitary consists of the median eminence, pituitary stalk, and
infundibular process (pars nervosa). The pars distalis and pars tuberalis are part of the
anterior pituitary.
5. A nurse is teaching about hypothalamic releasing hormones. Which hypothalamic
hormone inhibits the release of growth hormone and TSH?
A. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
B. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
C. Somatostatin
D. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
, 4|Page
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Somatostatin (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone) inhibits the release of
growth hormone and TSH from the anterior pituitary.
6. A nurse is teaching about hypothalamic hormones. Which hormone stimulates the
release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary?
A. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
B. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
C. Somatostatin
D. Dopamine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the anterior pituitary to
release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
7. A nurse is teaching about hypothalamic regulation of prolactin. What inhibits the
synthesis and secretion of prolactin?
A. Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)
B. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
C. Dopamine
D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: C
