PORTH'S ESSENTIALS OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)TOMMIE L. NORRIS
TEST BANK
1) Determinants of health
Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease —
Determinants of Health
Question:
A nurse is caring for a patient who has poorly controlled
hypertension and frequently misses follow-up visits because of
transportation problems and unstable employment. The patient
says, “I know my medicine helps, but I cannot always get to the
clinic.” Which interpretation best reflects the patient’s
situation?
,A. The patient is experiencing a genetic disease only
B. Social determinants are contributing to disease management
problems
C. The patient’s condition is caused by acute inflammation
D. The patient’s illness is explained by a single infectious agent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Correct answer: Social determinants such as transportation,
employment instability, and access to care directly influence
health outcomes and disease control. In population health,
these factors help explain why two patients with the same
disease may have very different outcomes.
A: Genetics can contribute to hypertension, but the stem
identifies access barriers rather than inherited disease.
C: Inflammation is not the primary mechanism described here.
D: Hypertension is not caused by a single infectious agent.
Teaching Point: Social conditions often shape disease control
more than biology alone.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
2) Incidence versus prevalence
Reference: Ch. 1 — Health and Disease in Populations —
Incidence and Prevalence
,Question:
A public health nurse reports that the number of new influenza
cases in a community increased sharply over the past 2 weeks
after a crowded festival. Which measure is being described?
A. Prevalence
B. Incidence
C. Case fatality rate
D. Morbidity index
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Correct answer: Incidence refers to the number of new cases
that occur during a specified period. A sudden rise after a
festival reflects new disease occurrence.
A: Prevalence counts all existing cases, not just new ones.
C: Case fatality rate measures deaths among those with the
disease.
D: Morbidity is a broad term for illness burden, not the specific
measure described.
Teaching Point: Incidence measures new cases over time.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
3) Primary prevention
, Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease —
Prevention Levels
Question:
A school nurse organizes an immunization clinic for adolescents
before flu season begins. Which type of prevention is the nurse
providing?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Palliative prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct answer: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease
before it occurs. Immunization reduces the likelihood of
infection in healthy individuals.
B: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection after
disease has started.
C: Tertiary prevention reduces complications and disability after
disease is established.
D: Palliative care relieves symptoms but does not primarily
prevent disease.
Teaching Point: Primary prevention stops disease before onset.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)TOMMIE L. NORRIS
TEST BANK
1) Determinants of health
Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease —
Determinants of Health
Question:
A nurse is caring for a patient who has poorly controlled
hypertension and frequently misses follow-up visits because of
transportation problems and unstable employment. The patient
says, “I know my medicine helps, but I cannot always get to the
clinic.” Which interpretation best reflects the patient’s
situation?
,A. The patient is experiencing a genetic disease only
B. Social determinants are contributing to disease management
problems
C. The patient’s condition is caused by acute inflammation
D. The patient’s illness is explained by a single infectious agent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Correct answer: Social determinants such as transportation,
employment instability, and access to care directly influence
health outcomes and disease control. In population health,
these factors help explain why two patients with the same
disease may have very different outcomes.
A: Genetics can contribute to hypertension, but the stem
identifies access barriers rather than inherited disease.
C: Inflammation is not the primary mechanism described here.
D: Hypertension is not caused by a single infectious agent.
Teaching Point: Social conditions often shape disease control
more than biology alone.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
2) Incidence versus prevalence
Reference: Ch. 1 — Health and Disease in Populations —
Incidence and Prevalence
,Question:
A public health nurse reports that the number of new influenza
cases in a community increased sharply over the past 2 weeks
after a crowded festival. Which measure is being described?
A. Prevalence
B. Incidence
C. Case fatality rate
D. Morbidity index
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Correct answer: Incidence refers to the number of new cases
that occur during a specified period. A sudden rise after a
festival reflects new disease occurrence.
A: Prevalence counts all existing cases, not just new ones.
C: Case fatality rate measures deaths among those with the
disease.
D: Morbidity is a broad term for illness burden, not the specific
measure described.
Teaching Point: Incidence measures new cases over time.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
3) Primary prevention
, Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease —
Prevention Levels
Question:
A school nurse organizes an immunization clinic for adolescents
before flu season begins. Which type of prevention is the nurse
providing?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Palliative prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct answer: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease
before it occurs. Immunization reduces the likelihood of
infection in healthy individuals.
B: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection after
disease has started.
C: Tertiary prevention reduces complications and disability after
disease is established.
D: Palliative care relieves symptoms but does not primarily
prevent disease.
Teaching Point: Primary prevention stops disease before onset.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
