Jersey College Final Advanced Med-
Surg Principles Test Questions and All
Correct Answers.
Ch 13: What are exchanged for potassium ions during alkalosis or acidosis? - Answer -
hydrogen ions (ie: metabolic acidosis results in hyperkalemia as H ions are shifted into the ell to
raise the pH and potassium leaves the cell and enters the bloodstream)
Ch 13: What is necessary for neuromuscular and cardiovascular function? - Answer -
potassium
Ch 13: What helps to regulate muscle contraction and relaxation? - Answer - calcium
Ch 13: What affects threshold potential? - Answer - calcium
Ch 13: What contributes to muscle weakness and come? - Answer - hypercalcemia
Ch 13: What contributes to muscle irritability and tetany? - Answer - hypocalcemia
Ch 13: What helps with carb and protein metabolism, and affects neuromuscular function and
produces vasodilation? - Answer - magnesium
Ch 13: What lowers the resting membrane potential and makes cells less irritable which could
result in an ileus? - Answer - hypokalemia
Ch 13: What may cause diarrhea, irritability, muscle weakness, and EKG changes (such as tall
tented T waves, absent P waves, prolonged PR interval and QRS duration)? - Answer -
hyperkalemia
Ch 13: What may cause muscle weakness, EKG changes (inverted T waves and ST depression), a
weak irregular pulse, paralytic ileus, tachydysrhythmias (premature ventricular contractions
(PVCs) and ventricular tachycardia (VT)), constipation, and U waves? - Answer - hypokalemia
Ch 13: What do pts with hypernatremia present with? - Answer - thirst
- dry muscous membranes
- lethargy
- restlessness
,- tachycardia
- HTN
Ch 13: What are S/S of hypocalcemia? - Answer - tetany (a classic sign)
- muscle twitching
- bronchospasms
- laryngeal spasms
- seizures
- hyperirritability
Ch 13: What is a classic sign of low mag (hypomagnesemia)? - Answer - tetany
Ch 13: What are the clinical manifestations of hyponatremia? - Answer - constant headaches
- seizures
- lethargy
- tachycardia
- decreased BP
- thready pulse
- hyperactive bowel sounds
- abdominal cramps
Ch 13: What slows the depolarization of the cell membrane? - Answer - hyponatremia
Ch 13: What shifts fluid from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment? - Answer -
hyponatremia
Ch 13: What is lossed from the GI (vomiting, diarrhea, suctioning), renal (diuretics, adrenal
insufficiency, kidney disease), and integumentary systems (ascites, burns, peripheral edema)? -
Answer - sodium
Ch 13: What happens in hyponatremia? - Answer - there is a reduction in intravascular
volume so BP decreases
Ch 13: What should you do in the setting of hyponatremia with fluid overload? - Answer -
restrict fluids
, Ch 13: What do you monitor in the setting of hyponatremia? - Answer - LOC
- vital signs
- I's & O's
- weight
Ch 13: What can sever hyponatremia result in? - Answer - seizures
- coma
- respiratory arrest
Ch 13: What increases serum osmolality and pulls water out of the cells? - Answer -
hypernatremia
Ch 13: What puts a pt at risk for hypernatremia? - Answer - excessive sodium intake
- excessive sodium retention
- loss in fluid from being NPO
- from an illness (ie: hyperglycemia, watery diarrhea, DI, or diarrhea)
Ch 13: Who is at a greater risk for hypernatremia? - Answer - the elderly due to an impaired
thirst mechanism
Ch 13: What do you prepare in the setting of hypernatremia? - Answer depending on the
serum osmolarity infuse:
- hypotonic IV fluids (.45%)
- isotonic IV fluids (0.9%)
Ch 13: What is a decrease in serum sodium level (hyponatremia) followed by? - Answer -a
decrease in serum osmolality (<270 mOsm/L)
Ch 13: What is an increase in serum sodium level (hypernatremia) followed by? - Answer - an
increase in serum osmolality (>300 mOsm/L)
Ch 13: What does hypokalemia result from? - Answer - loss of potassium from the kidneys
- burns
- shifted into the cell
Ch 13: What is cardiac arrest a complication of? - Answer - potassium imbalances
Surg Principles Test Questions and All
Correct Answers.
Ch 13: What are exchanged for potassium ions during alkalosis or acidosis? - Answer -
hydrogen ions (ie: metabolic acidosis results in hyperkalemia as H ions are shifted into the ell to
raise the pH and potassium leaves the cell and enters the bloodstream)
Ch 13: What is necessary for neuromuscular and cardiovascular function? - Answer -
potassium
Ch 13: What helps to regulate muscle contraction and relaxation? - Answer - calcium
Ch 13: What affects threshold potential? - Answer - calcium
Ch 13: What contributes to muscle weakness and come? - Answer - hypercalcemia
Ch 13: What contributes to muscle irritability and tetany? - Answer - hypocalcemia
Ch 13: What helps with carb and protein metabolism, and affects neuromuscular function and
produces vasodilation? - Answer - magnesium
Ch 13: What lowers the resting membrane potential and makes cells less irritable which could
result in an ileus? - Answer - hypokalemia
Ch 13: What may cause diarrhea, irritability, muscle weakness, and EKG changes (such as tall
tented T waves, absent P waves, prolonged PR interval and QRS duration)? - Answer -
hyperkalemia
Ch 13: What may cause muscle weakness, EKG changes (inverted T waves and ST depression), a
weak irregular pulse, paralytic ileus, tachydysrhythmias (premature ventricular contractions
(PVCs) and ventricular tachycardia (VT)), constipation, and U waves? - Answer - hypokalemia
Ch 13: What do pts with hypernatremia present with? - Answer - thirst
- dry muscous membranes
- lethargy
- restlessness
,- tachycardia
- HTN
Ch 13: What are S/S of hypocalcemia? - Answer - tetany (a classic sign)
- muscle twitching
- bronchospasms
- laryngeal spasms
- seizures
- hyperirritability
Ch 13: What is a classic sign of low mag (hypomagnesemia)? - Answer - tetany
Ch 13: What are the clinical manifestations of hyponatremia? - Answer - constant headaches
- seizures
- lethargy
- tachycardia
- decreased BP
- thready pulse
- hyperactive bowel sounds
- abdominal cramps
Ch 13: What slows the depolarization of the cell membrane? - Answer - hyponatremia
Ch 13: What shifts fluid from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment? - Answer -
hyponatremia
Ch 13: What is lossed from the GI (vomiting, diarrhea, suctioning), renal (diuretics, adrenal
insufficiency, kidney disease), and integumentary systems (ascites, burns, peripheral edema)? -
Answer - sodium
Ch 13: What happens in hyponatremia? - Answer - there is a reduction in intravascular
volume so BP decreases
Ch 13: What should you do in the setting of hyponatremia with fluid overload? - Answer -
restrict fluids
, Ch 13: What do you monitor in the setting of hyponatremia? - Answer - LOC
- vital signs
- I's & O's
- weight
Ch 13: What can sever hyponatremia result in? - Answer - seizures
- coma
- respiratory arrest
Ch 13: What increases serum osmolality and pulls water out of the cells? - Answer -
hypernatremia
Ch 13: What puts a pt at risk for hypernatremia? - Answer - excessive sodium intake
- excessive sodium retention
- loss in fluid from being NPO
- from an illness (ie: hyperglycemia, watery diarrhea, DI, or diarrhea)
Ch 13: Who is at a greater risk for hypernatremia? - Answer - the elderly due to an impaired
thirst mechanism
Ch 13: What do you prepare in the setting of hypernatremia? - Answer depending on the
serum osmolarity infuse:
- hypotonic IV fluids (.45%)
- isotonic IV fluids (0.9%)
Ch 13: What is a decrease in serum sodium level (hyponatremia) followed by? - Answer -a
decrease in serum osmolality (<270 mOsm/L)
Ch 13: What is an increase in serum sodium level (hypernatremia) followed by? - Answer - an
increase in serum osmolality (>300 mOsm/L)
Ch 13: What does hypokalemia result from? - Answer - loss of potassium from the kidneys
- burns
- shifted into the cell
Ch 13: What is cardiac arrest a complication of? - Answer - potassium imbalances
