Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1 Vocabulary-Exam Practice Pack 2026

The term used to describe the study of the structure and form of the human body is ️️ anatomy The study of how body parts function and work together is ️️ physiology The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body is called ️️ homeostasis The tendency of the body to maintain balance through adjustments is ️️ homeostasis The part of a cell that controls its activities is ️️ the nucleus A group of similar cells that perform a specific function is ️️ tissue A structure composed of different tissues working together is ️️ an organ A group of organs that work together to perform a major function is ️️ an organ system The smallest living unit of the body is ️️ the cell The outer boundary of a cell that controls what enters and leaves is ️️ the cell membrane The fluid inside a cell is ️️ cytoplasm The study of tissues is ️️ histology The study of the development of an organism is ️️ embryology The study of structures visible to the naked eye is ️️ gross anatomy The study of structures too small to be seen without a microscope is ️️ microscopic anatomy The ability to maintain a stable internal environment is ️️ homeostasis The process of maintaining balance in the body is ️️ homeostasis The breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones is ️️ catabolism The building of complex substances from simpler ones is ️️ anabolism 2 The total of all chemical reactions in the body is ️️ metabolism The division of the body into right and left halves is ️️ sagittal plane The division of the body into front and back portions is ️️ frontal plane The division of the body into upper and lower parts is ️️ transverse plane The direction toward the front of the body is ️️ anterior The direction toward the back of the body is ️️ posterior The term used for a position closer to the head is ️️ superior The term used for a position closer to the feet is ️️ inferior The term used for closer to the midline is ️️ medial The term used for farther from the midline is ️️ lateral The term for closer to the point of attachment is ️️ proximal The term for farther from the point of attachment is ️️ distal The standard body position used for anatomical reference is ️️ anatomical position The system responsible for movement is ️️ the muscular system The system responsible for support and protection is ️️ the skeletal system The system that controls and coordinates body functions is ️️ the nervous system The system responsible for hormone regulation is ️️ the endocrine system The system responsible for transporting blood is ️️ the cardiovascular system The system responsible for breathing is ️️ the respiratory system The system responsible for digestion is ️️ the digestive system The system responsible for removing waste is ️️ the urinary system The system responsible for defense against disease is ️️ the lymphatic system 3 The system responsible for reproduction is ️️ the reproductive system A structure made of different tissues working together is ️️ an organ A group of organs working together is ️️ an organ system The cavity that contains the brain is ️️ the cranial cavity The cavity that contains the spinal cord is ️️ the vertebral cavity The cavity that contains the heart and lungs is ️️ the thoracic cavity The cavity that contains digestive organs is ️️ the abdominopelvic cavity The term for closer to the surface is ️️ superficial The term for deeper inside the body is ️️ deep The process by which cells divide is ️️ mitosis The process that produces sex cells is ️️ meiosis A chemical substance that speeds up reactions is ️️ an enzyme The ability of the body to respond to changes is ️️ responsiveness A stimulus that causes a response is ️️ a stimulus A response that restores balance is ️️ feedback A response that increases change is ️️ positive feedback A response that reduces change is ️️ negative feedback The study of how the body functions is ️️ physiology The study of body structure is ️️ anatomy The space inside a cell is ️️ intracellular space The space outside a cell is ️️ extracellular space The fluid inside cells is ️️ intracellular fluid 4 The fluid outside cells is ️️ extracellular fluid The gel-like substance in a cell is ️️ cytosol A structure inside a cell with a specific function is ️️ an organelle The ability to maintain internal stability is ️️ homeostasis The process of using nutrients to produce energy is ️️ metabolism The part of a cell that contains genetic material is ️️ the nucleus The outer boundary of the cell is ️️ the plasma membrane The study of tissues in the body is ️️ histology The system that transports oxygen and nutrients is ️️ the circulatory system anatomy ️️the study of structure and shape of body parts physiology ️️the study of how the body and its parts work or function atoms ️️tiny building blocks of matter that combine to form molecules cells ️️smallest units of all living things tissues ️️consist of groups of similar cells that