KNR 311 Exam 3 Study Questions with Correct Answers Latest Version

KNR 311 Exam 3 Study Questions with Correct Answers Latest Version 1. Sensitivity - ANSWER The ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses 2. Reactivity - ANSWER How the device reacts to movements that are not what you want to measure Ex. Shaking a pedometer 3. Feasibility - ANSWER Comfort to respondent Cost of administration 4. What is the limitation of self-reporting as a way to measure physical activity? - ANSWER Self-reporting is biased towards structured, highintensity exercise and has low-moderate validity and reliability. 5. Why is self-reporting not good for estimating minutes of physical activity? - ANSWER Self-reporting is not accurate in estimating minutes of physical activity, but is better at estimating total energy expenditure. 6. Effect of weight training on metabolism - ANSWER Virtually no effect on resting metabolism in the short term (less than a year or two) Any added muscle is minuscule compared with the total amount of skeletal muscle in the body Muscle has a very low metabolic rate when it is at rest 7. Measurement issues in accelerometry - ANSWER Validity - strong positive correlations between accelerometer and indirect calorimetry executed in lab setting (lab CC is 0.8-0.9 while field is 0.4-0.6) Inter-instrument reliability is consistently high Sensitive to change Non-reactive Acceptable to subject Unit cost = $200-500 Interface cost = $500 8. Limitations of accelerometers - ANSWER Not sensitive some movements Not sensitive to grade change (up or downhill) Not sensitive to increased weight (carrying objects) Restricted to mainly ambulatory activity 9. Pattern recognition monitors - ANSWER Combine multiple PA assessment methods High validity Cost = $80-5000 Aim to maintain feasibility while improving validity by incorporating many different methods of monitoring PA in one device 10.Sitting disease - ANSWER The concept that the more you sit, the less healthy you will be 11.Time spent by adults in various modes of activity/inactivity - ANSWER 36% light (IPA) 63% sedentary 1% MVPA 12.Self-Report Tools - ANSWER Require the client to identify their own PA levels Instruments - Recall - Diaries/Logs - Questionnaire Most feasible, least valid 13.Accelerometer Measurement Issues - ANSWER Validity Indirect calorimetry lab r = 0.80 to 0.90 lab Indirect calorimetry field r = 0.40 to 0.60 Reliability Inter-instrument reliability consistently high (r 0.90) Sensitive to change Non-reactive Acceptable to subject Acceptable cost? (units $200 to 500, interface $500 14.Accelerometer Limitations - ANSWER Not sensitive some movements Not sensitive to grade change (up or downhill) Not sensitive to increased weight (carrying objects) Restricted to mainly ambulatory activity 15.Gold Standard Methods - ANSWER Metabolic analyzers (indirect calorimetry) - Lab based - Portable units Metabolic chamber - Picks up temp changes - Energy transferred Doubly labeled water - Urine collection - RMR - TEF = PAEE 16.Pattern Recognition Monitors - ANSWER Combine multiple PA assessment methods - plus a few new ones High Validity Cost $80-$5000 Combine the strengths of the previous methods and advanced equations to accurately assess: - What you do - When you do it - How intense 17.Why are new pattern recognition monitors better than the older ones? - ANSWER More attributes Steps taken, distance travelled, caloric estimates, heart rate, etc. 18.What is the only fuel source that can power biological work in the human body? - ANSWER ATP