CCHT FINAL 2 PRACTICE SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
◉ Access. Answer: An access -vascular access- is a route into the
bloodstream that allows enough blood flow for hemodialysis. For
permanent access, a surgeon connects a vein to an artery.
◉ This can be done directly - fistula- or with a piece of synthetic
tubing - graft. For short term access, a catheter may be placed in a
large central vein.. Answer:
◉ Acid. Answer: An acid is substance with a pH below 7.0 that can
donate a hydrogen ion -H+. In the human body, acids form when
protein and other foods are broken down by cell metabolism.
◉ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - AIDS. Answer:
◉ Acute Kidney Failure. Answer: Acute kidney failure has a sudden
onset. It is most often caused by an illness, injury, or toxin that
stresses the kidneys. Some patients who survive acute kidney failure
can recover kidney function. Others die or go on to develop chronic
kidney failure.
,◉ Alum. Answer: Alum is an aluminum compound. It is often added
to city water supplies to remove sediment and make the water
clearer.
◉ Aluminum can build up in the bodies and brains of dialysis
patients. Aluminum in dialysis water must be kept at low levels with
water treatment.. Answer:
◉ Aluminum-Related Bone Disease - ARBD. Answer: ARBD is cause
by long-term exposure to aluminum. Aluminum builds up in the
tissues at the point where new bone forms and be seen on X-ray.
Sources of aluminum include dialysis water, medications, and
cookware.
◉ Phosphate binders with aluminum are also a source, but these are
rarely used today. Symptoms of ARBD can include deep bone pain,
muscle weakness, and fractures.. Answer:
◉ Amyloidosis. Answer: Amyloidosis occurs when aproteingcalled
beta-2-microglobulin -B2M- builds up in soft tissues, bones, and
joints. The deposits can cause joint and or bone pain. High-flux
membranes and or noctournal hemodialysis remove more B2M,
which may help prevent or treat this problem.
◉ Anaphylaxis. Answer: Anaphylaxis is a fast severe immune
response to an allergen. Hives, itching, or wheezing may occur.
,Anaphylactic shock may cause blood pressure drop; change in heart
rhythms or arrest; and swelling of the lips, tongue, and throat. This
problem can be fatal.
◉ Anastomosis. Answer: An anastomosis is a surgical connection
beteen two blood vessels. Dialysis needles should not be inserted
into the area of the anastomosis in a fistual or graft.
◉ Adsorb. Answer: Adsorb means to attract and hold. The dialyzer
membrane adsorbs blood proteins to the walls of the hollow fibers
during a treatment.
◉ This can make reused dialyzers more biocompatible than new
ones - if bleach is not used to remove the protein coating.. Answer:
◉ Advance Directives. Answer: Advance directives outline a patient's
wishes for medical treatment in case he or she becomes too ill to
make such choices. A living will is one type of advance directive.
◉ The patient's family and other members of the care team should
be told of the patient's wishes when an advance directive is done
and given a copy to keep.. Answer:
◉ Afferent. Answer: means toward an organ.
, ◉ Air Detector. Answer: The air - or foam detector checks blood in
the venous line of the extracorporeal circuit for air. Air in a patient's
bloodstream can stop the blood flow or heartbeat, causing death.
◉ If the detector finds air, an alarm will sound, the blood pump will
stop, and the venous bloodline will clamp to keep air from reaching
the patient.. Answer:
◉ Air Embolism. Answer: An air embolism occurs when air bubbles
enter the bloodstream and flow into a vessel small enough to be
blocked by the air. The air in the vessel acts like a clot, blocking the
flow of blood.
◉ Dialysis machines have an air detector on the venous bloodline to
help prevent this problem, which can be fatal.. Answer:
◉ Albumin. Answer: Albumin is a blood protein. Lo serum albumin
levels -<3.5 g/dL- may mean a patient is undernourished.
Malnutrition is a common in dialysis patients and raises their risk of
death.
◉ Anemia. Answer: Anemia is a shortage of oxygen-carrying red
blood cells. It causes sever fatigue, trouble with metal focus, reduced
immune function, and many other problems.
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
◉ Access. Answer: An access -vascular access- is a route into the
bloodstream that allows enough blood flow for hemodialysis. For
permanent access, a surgeon connects a vein to an artery.
◉ This can be done directly - fistula- or with a piece of synthetic
tubing - graft. For short term access, a catheter may be placed in a
large central vein.. Answer:
◉ Acid. Answer: An acid is substance with a pH below 7.0 that can
donate a hydrogen ion -H+. In the human body, acids form when
protein and other foods are broken down by cell metabolism.
◉ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - AIDS. Answer:
◉ Acute Kidney Failure. Answer: Acute kidney failure has a sudden
onset. It is most often caused by an illness, injury, or toxin that
stresses the kidneys. Some patients who survive acute kidney failure
can recover kidney function. Others die or go on to develop chronic
kidney failure.
,◉ Alum. Answer: Alum is an aluminum compound. It is often added
to city water supplies to remove sediment and make the water
clearer.
◉ Aluminum can build up in the bodies and brains of dialysis
patients. Aluminum in dialysis water must be kept at low levels with
water treatment.. Answer:
◉ Aluminum-Related Bone Disease - ARBD. Answer: ARBD is cause
by long-term exposure to aluminum. Aluminum builds up in the
tissues at the point where new bone forms and be seen on X-ray.
Sources of aluminum include dialysis water, medications, and
cookware.
◉ Phosphate binders with aluminum are also a source, but these are
rarely used today. Symptoms of ARBD can include deep bone pain,
muscle weakness, and fractures.. Answer:
◉ Amyloidosis. Answer: Amyloidosis occurs when aproteingcalled
beta-2-microglobulin -B2M- builds up in soft tissues, bones, and
joints. The deposits can cause joint and or bone pain. High-flux
membranes and or noctournal hemodialysis remove more B2M,
which may help prevent or treat this problem.
◉ Anaphylaxis. Answer: Anaphylaxis is a fast severe immune
response to an allergen. Hives, itching, or wheezing may occur.
,Anaphylactic shock may cause blood pressure drop; change in heart
rhythms or arrest; and swelling of the lips, tongue, and throat. This
problem can be fatal.
◉ Anastomosis. Answer: An anastomosis is a surgical connection
beteen two blood vessels. Dialysis needles should not be inserted
into the area of the anastomosis in a fistual or graft.
◉ Adsorb. Answer: Adsorb means to attract and hold. The dialyzer
membrane adsorbs blood proteins to the walls of the hollow fibers
during a treatment.
◉ This can make reused dialyzers more biocompatible than new
ones - if bleach is not used to remove the protein coating.. Answer:
◉ Advance Directives. Answer: Advance directives outline a patient's
wishes for medical treatment in case he or she becomes too ill to
make such choices. A living will is one type of advance directive.
◉ The patient's family and other members of the care team should
be told of the patient's wishes when an advance directive is done
and given a copy to keep.. Answer:
◉ Afferent. Answer: means toward an organ.
, ◉ Air Detector. Answer: The air - or foam detector checks blood in
the venous line of the extracorporeal circuit for air. Air in a patient's
bloodstream can stop the blood flow or heartbeat, causing death.
◉ If the detector finds air, an alarm will sound, the blood pump will
stop, and the venous bloodline will clamp to keep air from reaching
the patient.. Answer:
◉ Air Embolism. Answer: An air embolism occurs when air bubbles
enter the bloodstream and flow into a vessel small enough to be
blocked by the air. The air in the vessel acts like a clot, blocking the
flow of blood.
◉ Dialysis machines have an air detector on the venous bloodline to
help prevent this problem, which can be fatal.. Answer:
◉ Albumin. Answer: Albumin is a blood protein. Lo serum albumin
levels -<3.5 g/dL- may mean a patient is undernourished.
Malnutrition is a common in dialysis patients and raises their risk of
death.
◉ Anemia. Answer: Anemia is a shortage of oxygen-carrying red
blood cells. It causes sever fatigue, trouble with metal focus, reduced
immune function, and many other problems.
