SPC 205 – Final Exam – Questions and Solutions – 2025/2026
Topical organization - ANS✔✔ arrangement of the natural divisions in a central idea according
to recency, primacy, complexity, or the speaker's discretion
Primacy - ANS✔✔ arrangement of ideas from the most to the least important
Recency - ANS✔✔ arrangement of ideas from the least to the most important
Complexity - ANS✔✔ arrangement of ideas from the simple to the more complex
Chronological organization - ANS✔✔ organization by time or sequence
Spatial organization - ANS✔✔ organization based on location or direction
Cause-and-effect organization - ANS✔✔ organization that focuses on a situation and its causes
or a situation and its effects
Problem-solution organization - ANS✔✔ organization focused on a problem and its various
solutions or on a solution and the problem it would solve
soft evidence - ANS✔✔ supporting material based mainly on opinion or interference; includes
hypothetical illustrations, descriptions, explanations, definitions, and analogies
hard evidence - ANS✔✔ factual examples and statistics
signposts - ANS✔✔ cues about the relationships between a speaker's ideas
, preview - ANS✔✔ a statement of what is to come
initial preview - ANS✔✔ a statement in the introduction of a speech of what the main ideas of
the speech will be
internal preview - ANS✔✔ a statement in the body of a speech that introduces and outlines
ideas that will be developed as the speech progresses
transition - ANS✔✔ a verbal or nonverbal signal that a speaker has finished discussing one idea
and is moving to another
verbal transition - ANS✔✔ a word or phrase that indicates the relationship between two ideas
nonverbal transition - ANS✔✔ a facial expression, vocal cue, or physical movement that
indicates that a speaker is moving from one idea to the next
summary - ANS✔✔ a recap of what has been said
final summary - ANS✔✔ a restatement of the main ideas of a speech, occurring near the end of
the speech
internal summary - ANS✔✔ a restatement in the body of a speech of the ideas that have been
developed so far
preparation outline - ANS✔✔ a detailed outline of a speech that includes the central idea, main
ideas, and supporting material; and that may also include the specific purpose, introduction,
conclusion, and references
Topical organization - ANS✔✔ arrangement of the natural divisions in a central idea according
to recency, primacy, complexity, or the speaker's discretion
Primacy - ANS✔✔ arrangement of ideas from the most to the least important
Recency - ANS✔✔ arrangement of ideas from the least to the most important
Complexity - ANS✔✔ arrangement of ideas from the simple to the more complex
Chronological organization - ANS✔✔ organization by time or sequence
Spatial organization - ANS✔✔ organization based on location or direction
Cause-and-effect organization - ANS✔✔ organization that focuses on a situation and its causes
or a situation and its effects
Problem-solution organization - ANS✔✔ organization focused on a problem and its various
solutions or on a solution and the problem it would solve
soft evidence - ANS✔✔ supporting material based mainly on opinion or interference; includes
hypothetical illustrations, descriptions, explanations, definitions, and analogies
hard evidence - ANS✔✔ factual examples and statistics
signposts - ANS✔✔ cues about the relationships between a speaker's ideas
, preview - ANS✔✔ a statement of what is to come
initial preview - ANS✔✔ a statement in the introduction of a speech of what the main ideas of
the speech will be
internal preview - ANS✔✔ a statement in the body of a speech that introduces and outlines
ideas that will be developed as the speech progresses
transition - ANS✔✔ a verbal or nonverbal signal that a speaker has finished discussing one idea
and is moving to another
verbal transition - ANS✔✔ a word or phrase that indicates the relationship between two ideas
nonverbal transition - ANS✔✔ a facial expression, vocal cue, or physical movement that
indicates that a speaker is moving from one idea to the next
summary - ANS✔✔ a recap of what has been said
final summary - ANS✔✔ a restatement of the main ideas of a speech, occurring near the end of
the speech
internal summary - ANS✔✔ a restatement in the body of a speech of the ideas that have been
developed so far
preparation outline - ANS✔✔ a detailed outline of a speech that includes the central idea, main
ideas, and supporting material; and that may also include the specific purpose, introduction,
conclusion, and references
