HINF 265 MIDTERM 1 QUESTIONS WELL
ANSWERED CERTIFICATION PAPER 2026
FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ THE BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION. Answer: lie down and place
one arm behind the head
use finger pads of three middle fingers of the other hand to feel for
lumps
use overlapping dime-sized circular motions to feel the breast tissue
use three different levels of pressure
up-and-down vertical pattern is recommended
stand in a front a mirror; examine breasts for:
- shape
- size
- redness/scaliness
- dimpling (skin/nipple)
,⩥ MASTITIS. Answer: inflammation of the breast
occurs in up to 10% of postpartum lactating mothers 2-4 weeks after
birth
⩥ MASTITIS - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS. Answer: warm to
touch
indurated/painful
often unilateral
most commonly caused by staphylococcus aureus
⩥ BEST TIME TO PERFORM SELF BREAST EXAM (BSE). Answer:
Perform BSE at the end of the menstrual period
breast tenderness is less likely to occur
⩥ RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER. Answer: early menarche
late menopause
,Age - at or older than 50 yrs
hormone use
Family history/Genetics
History of cancer (breast, colon, endometrial, ovarian)
First full term pregnancy after age 30
nulliparity (never given birth)
benign breast disease (atypical epithelial hyperplasia)
weight gain/obesity after menopause
exposure to ionizing radiation
alcohol consumption
⩥ ADVANTAGE OF FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION (FNA) BIOPSY.
Answer: FNA is performed in outpatient settings
, results are available within 24-48 hours
no incision required
⩥ BREAST LUMPS - ASSESSMENT. Answer: *painless* and *fixed*
lumps suggest breast cancer/malignancy
⩥ HORMONE THERAPY (HT). Answer: *HT has been linked to
increased risk for breast cancer*; patient and HCP must determine
whether or not HT therapy is appropriate
*Breast cancer incidence is increased in women using HT*, independent
of other risk factors
HT increases the risk for both non-BRCA-associated cancer and BRCA-
related cancers
⩥ CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER. Answer: based on tissue
type
based on invasiveness
based on hormone receptor and genetic status
ANSWERED CERTIFICATION PAPER 2026
FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ THE BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION. Answer: lie down and place
one arm behind the head
use finger pads of three middle fingers of the other hand to feel for
lumps
use overlapping dime-sized circular motions to feel the breast tissue
use three different levels of pressure
up-and-down vertical pattern is recommended
stand in a front a mirror; examine breasts for:
- shape
- size
- redness/scaliness
- dimpling (skin/nipple)
,⩥ MASTITIS. Answer: inflammation of the breast
occurs in up to 10% of postpartum lactating mothers 2-4 weeks after
birth
⩥ MASTITIS - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS. Answer: warm to
touch
indurated/painful
often unilateral
most commonly caused by staphylococcus aureus
⩥ BEST TIME TO PERFORM SELF BREAST EXAM (BSE). Answer:
Perform BSE at the end of the menstrual period
breast tenderness is less likely to occur
⩥ RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER. Answer: early menarche
late menopause
,Age - at or older than 50 yrs
hormone use
Family history/Genetics
History of cancer (breast, colon, endometrial, ovarian)
First full term pregnancy after age 30
nulliparity (never given birth)
benign breast disease (atypical epithelial hyperplasia)
weight gain/obesity after menopause
exposure to ionizing radiation
alcohol consumption
⩥ ADVANTAGE OF FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION (FNA) BIOPSY.
Answer: FNA is performed in outpatient settings
, results are available within 24-48 hours
no incision required
⩥ BREAST LUMPS - ASSESSMENT. Answer: *painless* and *fixed*
lumps suggest breast cancer/malignancy
⩥ HORMONE THERAPY (HT). Answer: *HT has been linked to
increased risk for breast cancer*; patient and HCP must determine
whether or not HT therapy is appropriate
*Breast cancer incidence is increased in women using HT*, independent
of other risk factors
HT increases the risk for both non-BRCA-associated cancer and BRCA-
related cancers
⩥ CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER. Answer: based on tissue
type
based on invasiveness
based on hormone receptor and genetic status
