NURS 5433 Midterm Questions and Answers
2026|2027
Q1. What is the most common bacterial cause of acute otitis media in children?
Answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rationale: This pathogen accounts for the majority of pediatric ear infections.
Q2. What is the first-line management for mild hypertension in adults?
Answer: Lifestyle modification
Rationale: Diet, exercise, and sodium reduction precede pharmacologic therapy unless
severe.
Q3. What are the classic symptoms of blepharitis?
Answer: Crusty eyelid margins, debris at lash roots, dry eye sensation
Rationale: Inflammation of the eyelid margin causes debris buildup and irritation.
Q4. What is the best diagnostic test for suspected pulmonary embolism?
Answer: CT pulmonary angiography
Rationale: Gold standard for PE diagnosis.
Q5. What is the primary prevention strategy for type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Weight management and exercise
Rationale: Reduces insulin resistance and delays onset.
Q6. What is the recommended screening for cervical cancer in women aged 21–29?
Answer: Pap smear every 3 years
Rationale: HPV testing is not routine until age 30.
Q7. What is the classic triad of meningitis?
Answer: Fever, neck stiffness, altered mental status
Rationale: Hallmark presentation requiring urgent evaluation.
Q8. What is the first-line antibiotic for uncomplicated UTI in women?
Answer: Nitrofurantoin
Rationale: Effective, low resistance rates, safe profile.
Q9. What is the key finding in iron deficiency anemia?
Answer: Microcytic, hypochromic RBCs
Rationale: Small, pale cells due to reduced hemoglobin.
Q10. What is the best initial imaging for suspected stroke?
Answer: Non-contrast CT head
Rationale: Rapidly rules out hemorrhage before thrombolysis.
Q11. What is the primary treatment for anaphylaxis?
, Answer: Intramuscular epinephrine
Rationale: Immediate life-saving intervention.
Q12. What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
Answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rationale: Leading bacterial pathogen in adults.
Q13. What vaccine is recommended for adults ≥65 years?
Answer: Pneumococcal vaccine
Rationale: Prevents invasive pneumococcal disease.
Q14. What is the key diagnostic marker for myocardial infarction?
Answer: Elevated troponin
Rationale: Highly specific for cardiac muscle injury.
Q15. What is the first-line therapy for asthma exacerbation?
Answer: Short-acting beta agonist (albuterol)
Rationale: Rapid bronchodilation relieves acute symptoms.
Q16. What is the best screening test for colorectal cancer?
Answer: Colonoscopy
Rationale: Detects and removes precancerous polyps.
Q17. What is the primary intervention for hypoglycemia?
Answer: Oral glucose (if conscious)
Rationale: Rapid correction of low blood sugar.
Q18. What is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease?
Answer: Helicobacter pylori infection
Rationale: Major etiologic factor.
Q19. What is the key finding in hypothyroidism?
Answer: Elevated TSH, low free T4
Rationale: Pituitary compensates for thyroid underactivity.
Q20. What is the first-line treatment for depression?
Answer: SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine)
Rationale: Widely used, effective, tolerable.
Q21. What is the best diagnostic test for deep vein thrombosis?
Answer: Venous Doppler ultrasound
Rationale: Non-invasive, highly sensitive.
Q22. What is the primary prevention of osteoporosis?
Answer: Calcium and vitamin D supplementation + weight-bearing exercise
Rationale: Strengthens bone density.
2026|2027
Q1. What is the most common bacterial cause of acute otitis media in children?
Answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rationale: This pathogen accounts for the majority of pediatric ear infections.
Q2. What is the first-line management for mild hypertension in adults?
Answer: Lifestyle modification
Rationale: Diet, exercise, and sodium reduction precede pharmacologic therapy unless
severe.
Q3. What are the classic symptoms of blepharitis?
Answer: Crusty eyelid margins, debris at lash roots, dry eye sensation
Rationale: Inflammation of the eyelid margin causes debris buildup and irritation.
Q4. What is the best diagnostic test for suspected pulmonary embolism?
Answer: CT pulmonary angiography
Rationale: Gold standard for PE diagnosis.
Q5. What is the primary prevention strategy for type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Weight management and exercise
Rationale: Reduces insulin resistance and delays onset.
Q6. What is the recommended screening for cervical cancer in women aged 21–29?
Answer: Pap smear every 3 years
Rationale: HPV testing is not routine until age 30.
Q7. What is the classic triad of meningitis?
Answer: Fever, neck stiffness, altered mental status
Rationale: Hallmark presentation requiring urgent evaluation.
Q8. What is the first-line antibiotic for uncomplicated UTI in women?
Answer: Nitrofurantoin
Rationale: Effective, low resistance rates, safe profile.
Q9. What is the key finding in iron deficiency anemia?
Answer: Microcytic, hypochromic RBCs
Rationale: Small, pale cells due to reduced hemoglobin.
Q10. What is the best initial imaging for suspected stroke?
Answer: Non-contrast CT head
Rationale: Rapidly rules out hemorrhage before thrombolysis.
Q11. What is the primary treatment for anaphylaxis?
, Answer: Intramuscular epinephrine
Rationale: Immediate life-saving intervention.
Q12. What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
Answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rationale: Leading bacterial pathogen in adults.
Q13. What vaccine is recommended for adults ≥65 years?
Answer: Pneumococcal vaccine
Rationale: Prevents invasive pneumococcal disease.
Q14. What is the key diagnostic marker for myocardial infarction?
Answer: Elevated troponin
Rationale: Highly specific for cardiac muscle injury.
Q15. What is the first-line therapy for asthma exacerbation?
Answer: Short-acting beta agonist (albuterol)
Rationale: Rapid bronchodilation relieves acute symptoms.
Q16. What is the best screening test for colorectal cancer?
Answer: Colonoscopy
Rationale: Detects and removes precancerous polyps.
Q17. What is the primary intervention for hypoglycemia?
Answer: Oral glucose (if conscious)
Rationale: Rapid correction of low blood sugar.
Q18. What is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease?
Answer: Helicobacter pylori infection
Rationale: Major etiologic factor.
Q19. What is the key finding in hypothyroidism?
Answer: Elevated TSH, low free T4
Rationale: Pituitary compensates for thyroid underactivity.
Q20. What is the first-line treatment for depression?
Answer: SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine)
Rationale: Widely used, effective, tolerable.
Q21. What is the best diagnostic test for deep vein thrombosis?
Answer: Venous Doppler ultrasound
Rationale: Non-invasive, highly sensitive.
Q22. What is the primary prevention of osteoporosis?
Answer: Calcium and vitamin D supplementation + weight-bearing exercise
Rationale: Strengthens bone density.
