Constitutional Law & Civil Justice Mastery Exam: Federalism, Judicial Review,
Statutory Interpretation, Administrative Agencies, Legislative Process, Common
Law Precedents, Civil and Criminal Liability, Tort and Contract Principles, Due
Process, Equal Protection, First Amendment Freedoms, FOIA Requests, Judicial
Activism vs Restraint, Negligence Standards, Strict and Comparative Liability,
Arbitration, Commerce Clause Authority, Supremacy Clause Doctrine, Takings
and Eminent Domain, Procedural and Substantive Rights, Jurisdictional Limits,
Long-Arm Statutes, Appellate Procedures, Burden of Proof, Discovery Methods,
Defamation and Intentional Torts, Liability Classifications, Fundamental Rights
Protections, Administrative Law Enforcement, and Checks and Balances of the
U.S. Government Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+
Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
The United States Constitution is among the finest legal accomplishments in the history of the
world. Which two things influenced Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and the rest of the
Founding Fathers?
English Common-Law Principles and The Iriquois' System of Federalism
Which 3 parts of the modern legal system are "borrowed" from medieval England?
Jury Trials
Special Rules for Selling Land
,Following Precedent
Union organizers at a hospital wanted to distribute leaflets to potential union members, but
hospital rules prohibited leafleting in areas of patient care, hallways, cafeterias, and any areas
open to the public. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), a government agency, ruled that
these restrictions violated the law and ordered the hospital to permit the activities in the
cafeteria and coffee shop. What kind of law was NLRB creating?
a. A Statute
b. Common Law
c. A Constitutional Amendment
d. Administrative Regulation
d. Administrative Regulation
REMEMBER: Administrative Law are rules and decisions made by federal and state
administrative agencies
For a Statute to become a law, Congress must pass it by a:
1. Majority vote in House
2. Majority vote in Senate
3. Two-thirds vote in House, but only if the president first vetoed it
4. Two-thirds vote in Senate, but only if the president has first vetoed it
-----
a. Just 1 and 2
b. Just 3 and 4
c. All of these
,d. None of these
a. Just 1 and 2
Remember, an idea gets proposed to congress and it becomes a bill. Next, the House and
Senate must both independently give the bill a majority vote before it goes off to the executive
branch for the president to sign it.
If, for some reason, the president vetoes the bill, that bill can go back to congress and if they get
a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and House in approval of the bill, the bill now becomes a
statute/law of the land without the president's signature. (this is one of the checks and balances
in place between the different branches of power)
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., wrote "an unjust law is no law at all." As such, "One has ..... a moral
responsibility to disobey unjust laws." Dr. King's view is an example of:
a. Legal Realism
b. Jurisprudence
c. Legal Positivism
d. Natural Law
d. Natural Law
Why do we have laws?
- Establishes a norm for society
- Punishes wrong or undesirable behavior
- Promotes harmony within a group
- Resolves conflicts
- Encourages business transactions (checks/trusts)
, What is a contract?
set of promises that established an agreement between parties; holding each of them to a legal
duty to each other and also giving them each the right to seek a remedy for the breach of the
promises/duties owed to each
What is the difference between a PLAINTIFF and a DEFENDANT?
Plaintiff -- party who initiates the civil suit/the accuser
Defendant -- party whom a civil suit (or criminal action) is brought up against/the accused
What is the difference between an APPELLANT and a RESPONDENT (APPELLEE)?
Appellant -- the party (whom the decision of the case was against) that is appealing the case
from the lower court
Respondent (Appellee) -- the party who has no interest in setting aside or reversing the
judgement (the party who the judgement was in favor for)
What is judicial review?
the process where a court decides how constitutional the legislative enactments and actions of
the executive branch are
(Marbury v. Madison)
Statutory Interpretation, Administrative Agencies, Legislative Process, Common
Law Precedents, Civil and Criminal Liability, Tort and Contract Principles, Due
Process, Equal Protection, First Amendment Freedoms, FOIA Requests, Judicial
Activism vs Restraint, Negligence Standards, Strict and Comparative Liability,
Arbitration, Commerce Clause Authority, Supremacy Clause Doctrine, Takings
and Eminent Domain, Procedural and Substantive Rights, Jurisdictional Limits,
Long-Arm Statutes, Appellate Procedures, Burden of Proof, Discovery Methods,
Defamation and Intentional Torts, Liability Classifications, Fundamental Rights
Protections, Administrative Law Enforcement, and Checks and Balances of the
U.S. Government Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+
Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
The United States Constitution is among the finest legal accomplishments in the history of the
world. Which two things influenced Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and the rest of the
Founding Fathers?
English Common-Law Principles and The Iriquois' System of Federalism
Which 3 parts of the modern legal system are "borrowed" from medieval England?
Jury Trials
Special Rules for Selling Land
,Following Precedent
Union organizers at a hospital wanted to distribute leaflets to potential union members, but
hospital rules prohibited leafleting in areas of patient care, hallways, cafeterias, and any areas
open to the public. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), a government agency, ruled that
these restrictions violated the law and ordered the hospital to permit the activities in the
cafeteria and coffee shop. What kind of law was NLRB creating?
a. A Statute
b. Common Law
c. A Constitutional Amendment
d. Administrative Regulation
d. Administrative Regulation
REMEMBER: Administrative Law are rules and decisions made by federal and state
administrative agencies
For a Statute to become a law, Congress must pass it by a:
1. Majority vote in House
2. Majority vote in Senate
3. Two-thirds vote in House, but only if the president first vetoed it
4. Two-thirds vote in Senate, but only if the president has first vetoed it
-----
a. Just 1 and 2
b. Just 3 and 4
c. All of these
,d. None of these
a. Just 1 and 2
Remember, an idea gets proposed to congress and it becomes a bill. Next, the House and
Senate must both independently give the bill a majority vote before it goes off to the executive
branch for the president to sign it.
If, for some reason, the president vetoes the bill, that bill can go back to congress and if they get
a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and House in approval of the bill, the bill now becomes a
statute/law of the land without the president's signature. (this is one of the checks and balances
in place between the different branches of power)
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., wrote "an unjust law is no law at all." As such, "One has ..... a moral
responsibility to disobey unjust laws." Dr. King's view is an example of:
a. Legal Realism
b. Jurisprudence
c. Legal Positivism
d. Natural Law
d. Natural Law
Why do we have laws?
- Establishes a norm for society
- Punishes wrong or undesirable behavior
- Promotes harmony within a group
- Resolves conflicts
- Encourages business transactions (checks/trusts)
, What is a contract?
set of promises that established an agreement between parties; holding each of them to a legal
duty to each other and also giving them each the right to seek a remedy for the breach of the
promises/duties owed to each
What is the difference between a PLAINTIFF and a DEFENDANT?
Plaintiff -- party who initiates the civil suit/the accuser
Defendant -- party whom a civil suit (or criminal action) is brought up against/the accused
What is the difference between an APPELLANT and a RESPONDENT (APPELLEE)?
Appellant -- the party (whom the decision of the case was against) that is appealing the case
from the lower court
Respondent (Appellee) -- the party who has no interest in setting aside or reversing the
judgement (the party who the judgement was in favor for)
What is judicial review?
the process where a court decides how constitutional the legislative enactments and actions of
the executive branch are
(Marbury v. Madison)
