WGU C458 HEALTH, FITNESS, AND WELLNESS |2026/2027
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WGU C458 Health, Fitness, and Wellness |2026/2027 Questions and
answers| Objective Assessment | Actual Questions, Exams of nursing
Nutrition
provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition
implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if the person is
consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition
an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa
literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but denies the
hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and rituals,
compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia
characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts of food are consumed
in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives
and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
3/21/2026
1
, WGU C458 HEALTH, FITNESS, AND WELLNESS |2026/2027
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Binge eating disorder (BED)
episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when not
feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity
15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased intake of sugars in
sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density, and large portion sizes.
At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and
some types of cancer.
Minerals
inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve
impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals
needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
3/21/2026
Trace minerals
2
, WGU C458 HEALTH, FITNESS, AND WELLNESS |2026/2027
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine,
chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins)
protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins)
most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the
blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a
heart attack
Lipoproteins
large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is transported
Antioxidants
slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free radicals produced during
oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions
the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom
removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a substrate
that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge particle, an electron. Two partially
charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
3/21/2026
3
, WGU C458 HEALTH, FITNESS, AND WELLNESS |2026/2027
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Free radical (Oxidant)
any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron. Because electrons typically function in
pairs, these are very prone to binding to other substrates in an effort to regain this paired status.
When this happens in the human body, there is potential for a great deal of damage.
Carbohydrates
produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and
polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of simple sugars and
starches
Protein
produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and milk. Composed of 8
essential(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids. Perform
many functions including building cells and tissues, forming blood and enzymes, and fighting
infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can take place, without it
Lipids
produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds that do not readily dissolve in water;
based on their solubility, they are classified into triglycerides (more commonly known as fats),
phospholipids, and sterols
Incomplete protein
proteins that are lacking one or more of the essential amino acids
3/21/2026
4
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WGU C458 Health, Fitness, and Wellness |2026/2027 Questions and
answers| Objective Assessment | Actual Questions, Exams of nursing
Nutrition
provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition
implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if the person is
consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition
an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa
literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but denies the
hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and rituals,
compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia
characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts of food are consumed
in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives
and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
3/21/2026
1
, WGU C458 HEALTH, FITNESS, AND WELLNESS |2026/2027
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Binge eating disorder (BED)
episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when not
feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity
15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased intake of sugars in
sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density, and large portion sizes.
At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and
some types of cancer.
Minerals
inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve
impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals
needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
3/21/2026
Trace minerals
2
, WGU C458 HEALTH, FITNESS, AND WELLNESS |2026/2027
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine,
chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins)
protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins)
most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the
blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a
heart attack
Lipoproteins
large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is transported
Antioxidants
slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free radicals produced during
oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions
the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom
removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a substrate
that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge particle, an electron. Two partially
charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
3/21/2026
3
, WGU C458 HEALTH, FITNESS, AND WELLNESS |2026/2027
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Free radical (Oxidant)
any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron. Because electrons typically function in
pairs, these are very prone to binding to other substrates in an effort to regain this paired status.
When this happens in the human body, there is potential for a great deal of damage.
Carbohydrates
produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and
polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of simple sugars and
starches
Protein
produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and milk. Composed of 8
essential(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids. Perform
many functions including building cells and tissues, forming blood and enzymes, and fighting
infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can take place, without it
Lipids
produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds that do not readily dissolve in water;
based on their solubility, they are classified into triglycerides (more commonly known as fats),
phospholipids, and sterols
Incomplete protein
proteins that are lacking one or more of the essential amino acids
3/21/2026
4
