Anatomy and Physiology 1: Midterm
Review questions and answers-must
read
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
✔️✔️ Protection of the body, regulation of temperature, and prevention of water loss
What is homeostasis in the human body?
✔️✔️ The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes
What is the basic unit of life in anatomy and physiology?
✔️✔️ The cell
What is the function of the cell membrane?
✔️✔️ It controls what enters and leaves the cell
What is the role of cytoplasm in a cell?
✔️✔️ It suspends organelles and is the site of many metabolic reactions
What is the function of ribosomes?
✔️✔️ Protein synthesis
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
✔️✔️ Modifies, packages, and transports proteins
What is the function of lysosomes?
✔️✔️ Breakdown of waste materials and cellular debris
What is the role of the mitochondria?
✔️✔️ Production of ATP (energy) through cellular respiration
What is diffusion?
✔️✔️ Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration
What is osmosis?
✔️✔️ Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
What is active transport?
✔️✔️ Movement of substances against the concentration gradient using energy
1
,What is tissue?
✔️✔️ A group of similar cells working together to perform a function
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
✔️✔️ Protection, absorption, and secretion
What is connective tissue primarily responsible for?
✔️✔️ Support, binding, and protection
What is the main function of muscle tissue?
✔️✔️ Contraction to produce movement
What is the role of nervous tissue?
✔️✔️ Transmission of electrical impulses
What is the anatomical position?
✔️✔️ Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward
What does the term “posterior” mean?
✔️✔️ Toward the back of the body
What does “medial” refer to?
✔️✔️ Toward the midline of the body
What does “lateral” refer to?
✔️✔️ Away from the midline of the body
What is the function of the skeletal system?
✔️✔️ Support, protection, and movement
What type of tissue is bone classified as?
✔️✔️ Connective tissue
What is the function of cartilage?
✔️✔️ Provides flexible support and reduces friction at joints
What are joints?
✔️✔️ Points where two or more bones meet
What is the function of ligaments?
✔️✔️ Connect bones to other bones
What is the function of tendons?
✔️✔️ Connect muscles to bones
2
, What is the main function of the muscular system?
✔️✔️ Movement and maintenance of posture
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?
✔️✔️ Voluntary muscles are consciously controlled, involuntary muscles are not
What is the function of the nervous system?
✔️✔️ Control and coordination of body activities
What is a neuron?
✔️✔️ A nerve cell that transmits impulses
What is the function of the brain?
✔️✔️ Processes information and controls body functions
What is the function of the spinal cord?
✔️✔️ Transmits signals between the brain and the body
What is the role of the endocrine system?
✔️✔️ Secretes hormones to regulate body functions
What are hormones?
✔️✔️ Chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
✔️✔️ Transports blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes
What is the role of the heart?
✔️✔️ Pumps blood throughout the body
What is the function of blood?
✔️✔️ Transport, regulation, and protection
What is the function of red blood cells?
✔️✔️ Carry oxygen
What is the function of white blood cells?
✔️✔️ Fight infection
What is the role of platelets?
✔️✔️ Blood clotting
What is the function of the respiratory system?
✔️✔️ Gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide
3
Review questions and answers-must
read
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
✔️✔️ Protection of the body, regulation of temperature, and prevention of water loss
What is homeostasis in the human body?
✔️✔️ The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes
What is the basic unit of life in anatomy and physiology?
✔️✔️ The cell
What is the function of the cell membrane?
✔️✔️ It controls what enters and leaves the cell
What is the role of cytoplasm in a cell?
✔️✔️ It suspends organelles and is the site of many metabolic reactions
What is the function of ribosomes?
✔️✔️ Protein synthesis
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
✔️✔️ Modifies, packages, and transports proteins
What is the function of lysosomes?
✔️✔️ Breakdown of waste materials and cellular debris
What is the role of the mitochondria?
✔️✔️ Production of ATP (energy) through cellular respiration
What is diffusion?
✔️✔️ Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration
What is osmosis?
✔️✔️ Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
What is active transport?
✔️✔️ Movement of substances against the concentration gradient using energy
1
,What is tissue?
✔️✔️ A group of similar cells working together to perform a function
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
✔️✔️ Protection, absorption, and secretion
What is connective tissue primarily responsible for?
✔️✔️ Support, binding, and protection
What is the main function of muscle tissue?
✔️✔️ Contraction to produce movement
What is the role of nervous tissue?
✔️✔️ Transmission of electrical impulses
What is the anatomical position?
✔️✔️ Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward
What does the term “posterior” mean?
✔️✔️ Toward the back of the body
What does “medial” refer to?
✔️✔️ Toward the midline of the body
What does “lateral” refer to?
✔️✔️ Away from the midline of the body
What is the function of the skeletal system?
✔️✔️ Support, protection, and movement
What type of tissue is bone classified as?
✔️✔️ Connective tissue
What is the function of cartilage?
✔️✔️ Provides flexible support and reduces friction at joints
What are joints?
✔️✔️ Points where two or more bones meet
What is the function of ligaments?
✔️✔️ Connect bones to other bones
What is the function of tendons?
✔️✔️ Connect muscles to bones
2
, What is the main function of the muscular system?
✔️✔️ Movement and maintenance of posture
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?
✔️✔️ Voluntary muscles are consciously controlled, involuntary muscles are not
What is the function of the nervous system?
✔️✔️ Control and coordination of body activities
What is a neuron?
✔️✔️ A nerve cell that transmits impulses
What is the function of the brain?
✔️✔️ Processes information and controls body functions
What is the function of the spinal cord?
✔️✔️ Transmits signals between the brain and the body
What is the role of the endocrine system?
✔️✔️ Secretes hormones to regulate body functions
What are hormones?
✔️✔️ Chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
✔️✔️ Transports blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes
What is the role of the heart?
✔️✔️ Pumps blood throughout the body
What is the function of blood?
✔️✔️ Transport, regulation, and protection
What is the function of red blood cells?
✔️✔️ Carry oxygen
What is the function of white blood cells?
✔️✔️ Fight infection
What is the role of platelets?
✔️✔️ Blood clotting
What is the function of the respiratory system?
✔️✔️ Gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide
3
