Components of Thermoregulation Study Guide with Solutions
1. Peripheral ther- Specialised nerve ending that detects changes in skin temperature
moreceptor
2. Afferent A nerve that carries impulses toward the central nervous system
nerve/neuron
3. Efferent A nerve that carries impulses away from the central nervous system
nerve/neuron
4. Effector An organ (a gland or muscle) that becomes active in response to nerve impulses
and carries out (a) response(s)
5. Central nervous Brain and spinal cord
system
6. Skin
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, Components of Thermoregulation Study Guide with Solutions
Largest organ of the body, contains thermoreceptors, blood capillaries, sweat
glands, and muscles that are involved in thermoregulation
7. Hypothalamus A neural (nerve-based) structure lying below the thalamus that is the control centre
for several homeostatic activities eg body temperature) by comparing incoming
nerve messages from atterent nerves to a set point (normal body temperature)
8. Cutaneous blood Tiny blood vessels in the dermis layer of the skin that can widen and narrow due
capillaries to smooth muscles in their walls in response to changes in body temperature
9. Hair erector mus- Muscles attached to the base of each hair that contract in cold conditions to pull
cles the hairs upright to trap a layer of air next to the skin
10. Skeletal muscles Muscles attached to bone that cause body movements that are under both volun-
tary control and involuntary control
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1. Peripheral ther- Specialised nerve ending that detects changes in skin temperature
moreceptor
2. Afferent A nerve that carries impulses toward the central nervous system
nerve/neuron
3. Efferent A nerve that carries impulses away from the central nervous system
nerve/neuron
4. Effector An organ (a gland or muscle) that becomes active in response to nerve impulses
and carries out (a) response(s)
5. Central nervous Brain and spinal cord
system
6. Skin
1/5
, Components of Thermoregulation Study Guide with Solutions
Largest organ of the body, contains thermoreceptors, blood capillaries, sweat
glands, and muscles that are involved in thermoregulation
7. Hypothalamus A neural (nerve-based) structure lying below the thalamus that is the control centre
for several homeostatic activities eg body temperature) by comparing incoming
nerve messages from atterent nerves to a set point (normal body temperature)
8. Cutaneous blood Tiny blood vessels in the dermis layer of the skin that can widen and narrow due
capillaries to smooth muscles in their walls in response to changes in body temperature
9. Hair erector mus- Muscles attached to the base of each hair that contract in cold conditions to pull
cles the hairs upright to trap a layer of air next to the skin
10. Skeletal muscles Muscles attached to bone that cause body movements that are under both volun-
tary control and involuntary control
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