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TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION
BY SUE HUETHER AND KATHRYN MCGANCE
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Cellular Biology ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Chapter 2. Genes and Genetic Diseases .......................................................................................................................... 24
Chapter 3. Epigenetics and Disease ................................................................................................................................. 45
Chapter 4. Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology................................................................................................................ 51
Chapter 5. Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases ........................................................................................................ 71
Chapter 6. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing .................................................................................... 94
Chapter 7. Adaptive Immunity ...................................................................................................................................... 114
Chapter 8. Alterations in Immunity ............................................................................................................................... 133
Chapter 9. Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense ....................................................................................... 139
Chapter 10. Stress and Disease ..................................................................................................................................... 163
Chapter 11. Biology of Cancer ....................................................................................................................................... 174
Chapter 12. Cancer Epidemiology ................................................................................................................................. 187
Chapter 13. Cancer in Children and Adolescents .......................................................................................................... 198
Chapter 14. Structure and Function of the Neurologic System ..................................................................................... 205
Chapter 15. Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function ...................................................................................... 229
Chapter 16. Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function .................................... 254
Chapter 17. Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular ....................................... 278
Junction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 278
Chapter 18. Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children ......................................................................................... 305
Chapter 19. Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation........................................................................................................ 323
Chapter 20. Alterations of Hormonal Regulation .......................................................................................................... 340
Chapter 21. Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition ............................................................................................................ 367
Chapter 22. Structure and Function of the Hematologic System .................................................................................. 373
Chapter 23. Alterations of Hematologic Function ......................................................................................................... 391
Chapter 24. Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children....................................................................................... 424
Chapter 25. Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems .................................................... 445
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Chapter 26. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function...................................................................................................... 467
Chapter 27. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children ................................................................................... 490
Chapter 28. Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System ..................................................................................... 506
Chapter 29. Alterations of Pulmonary Function ............................................................................................................ 527
Chapter 30. Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children ......................................................................................... 553
Chapter 31. Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems ...................................................................... 571
Chapter 32. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function ....................................................................................... 589
Chapter 33. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children ..................................................................... 610
Chapter 34. Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems ............................................................................... 623
Chapter 35. Alterations of the Female Reproductive System ....................................................................................... 645
Chapter 36. Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ........................................................................................... 660
Chapter 37. Structure and Function of the Digestive System ....................................................................................... 672
Chapter 38. Alterations of Digestive Function............................................................................................................... 692
Chapter 39. Alterations of Digestive Function in Children ............................................................................................ 717
Chapter 40. Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System ............................................................................ 737
Chapter 41. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function ................................................................................................... 757
Chapter 42. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children ................................................................................. 782
Chapter 43. Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument.............................................................................. 796
Chapter 44. Alterations of the Integument in Children ................................................................................................. 813
Chapter 1. Cellular Biology
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Q. What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action
potential?
a. Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
b. Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
c. Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane
potential from positive to negative.
d. Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane
potential from positive to negative.
ANS: B
When the threshold is reached, the cell will continue to depolarize with no further stimulation.
The sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, causing the membrane potential to
reduce to zero and then become positive (depolarization).
Sodium is involved in creating the action potential, not potassium.
The sodium gate must be open, not closed.
The sodium channel must be open; this is not affected by a change in the potassium gate.
Q. A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is
70 millivolts. The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular ion is
K+. With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential?
a. K+ rushing into the cell
b. Na+ rushing into the cell
c. Na+ rushing out of the cell
d. K+ rushing out of the cell
ANS: A
With voltage change, potassium rushes into the cell.
nk
st in
Te urs
N
TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION
BY SUE HUETHER AND KATHRYN MCGANCE
, ba g
nk
st in
Te urs
2
N
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Cellular Biology ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Chapter 2. Genes and Genetic Diseases .......................................................................................................................... 24
Chapter 3. Epigenetics and Disease ................................................................................................................................. 45
Chapter 4. Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology................................................................................................................ 51
Chapter 5. Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases ........................................................................................................ 71
Chapter 6. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing .................................................................................... 94
Chapter 7. Adaptive Immunity ...................................................................................................................................... 114
Chapter 8. Alterations in Immunity ............................................................................................................................... 133
Chapter 9. Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense ....................................................................................... 139
Chapter 10. Stress and Disease ..................................................................................................................................... 163
Chapter 11. Biology of Cancer ....................................................................................................................................... 174
Chapter 12. Cancer Epidemiology ................................................................................................................................. 187
Chapter 13. Cancer in Children and Adolescents .......................................................................................................... 198
Chapter 14. Structure and Function of the Neurologic System ..................................................................................... 205
Chapter 15. Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function ...................................................................................... 229
Chapter 16. Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function .................................... 254
Chapter 17. Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular ....................................... 278
Junction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 278
Chapter 18. Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children ......................................................................................... 305
Chapter 19. Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation........................................................................................................ 323
Chapter 20. Alterations of Hormonal Regulation .......................................................................................................... 340
Chapter 21. Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition ............................................................................................................ 367
Chapter 22. Structure and Function of the Hematologic System .................................................................................. 373
Chapter 23. Alterations of Hematologic Function ......................................................................................................... 391
Chapter 24. Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children....................................................................................... 424
Chapter 25. Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems .................................................... 445
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Chapter 26. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function...................................................................................................... 467
Chapter 27. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children ................................................................................... 490
Chapter 28. Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System ..................................................................................... 506
Chapter 29. Alterations of Pulmonary Function ............................................................................................................ 527
Chapter 30. Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children ......................................................................................... 553
Chapter 31. Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems ...................................................................... 571
Chapter 32. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function ....................................................................................... 589
Chapter 33. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children ..................................................................... 610
Chapter 34. Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems ............................................................................... 623
Chapter 35. Alterations of the Female Reproductive System ....................................................................................... 645
Chapter 36. Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ........................................................................................... 660
Chapter 37. Structure and Function of the Digestive System ....................................................................................... 672
Chapter 38. Alterations of Digestive Function............................................................................................................... 692
Chapter 39. Alterations of Digestive Function in Children ............................................................................................ 717
Chapter 40. Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System ............................................................................ 737
Chapter 41. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function ................................................................................................... 757
Chapter 42. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children ................................................................................. 782
Chapter 43. Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument.............................................................................. 796
Chapter 44. Alterations of the Integument in Children ................................................................................................. 813
Chapter 1. Cellular Biology
, ba g
nk
st in
Te urs
N
Q. What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action
potential?
a. Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
b. Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
c. Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane
potential from positive to negative.
d. Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane
potential from positive to negative.
ANS: B
When the threshold is reached, the cell will continue to depolarize with no further stimulation.
The sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, causing the membrane potential to
reduce to zero and then become positive (depolarization).
Sodium is involved in creating the action potential, not potassium.
The sodium gate must be open, not closed.
The sodium channel must be open; this is not affected by a change in the potassium gate.
Q. A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is
70 millivolts. The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular ion is
K+. With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential?
a. K+ rushing into the cell
b. Na+ rushing into the cell
c. Na+ rushing out of the cell
d. K+ rushing out of the cell
ANS: A
With voltage change, potassium rushes into the cell.
