TCU DR JONES MICROBIOLOGY FINAL | 367 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | LATEST WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
prokaryotic cell with a rod shape Answer - bacillus
spherical bacterial cell Answer - coccus
spiral shaped bacteria Answer - vibrios, spirilla, spirochete
Other shapes of bacterial cells Answer - square, appendage, star-shaped,
filamentous
Structure and organization are based on specific processes cells need to carry
out: Answer - Sensing/responding to stimuli, Compartmentation of
metabolism, Growth and reproduction
Bacterial Flagella Answer - are long appendages Extending from the cell
surface used for cell motility
Anatomy of a bacterial flagella Answer - helical filament, a hook, and a basal
body
chemotaxis Answer - moving up the concentration gradient of a chemical
attractant
,Pili Answer - are protein fibers extending from the surface of many bacteria
Pili help the cell... Answer - Attach cells to surfaces and form biofilms and
microcolonies
conjugation pili are used to Answer - transfer genetic material between cells
Glycocalyx Answer - is an outer layer external to the cell wall that is an
adhering layer of polysaccharides (sometimes small proteins)
capsule Answer - A thick glycolayx bound to the cell
A slime layer Answer - A thinner, diffuse layer of polysaccharides that protects
cells from the environment, and allows them to attach to surfaces
bacterial cell wall Answer - a tough and protective external shell made of
peptidoglycan
The cell wall's functions Answer - protects the cell from injury, and to maintain
cell shape and water balance
Gram-Positive bacteria Answer - have thick peptidoglycan cell walls containing
teichoic acid
Gram-Negative bacteria Answer - have a 2-dimensional peptidoglycan layer
and no teichoic acid
Has an outer membrane, separated from the cell membrane by the... Answer -
periplasmic space
,porins Answer - in outer membrane, selectively allow small molecules into the
periplasmic space
represents the interface between the cell environment and the cell cytoplasm
Answer - The cell membrane
The fluid mosaic model Answer - It is a fluid layer of phospholipid and protein
...form a permeability barrier Answer - Hydrophobic fatty acid chains in the
phospholipids
Membrane proteins perform or aid in many functions Answer - Cell wall
synthesis, Energy metabolism, DNA replication, Sensation of stimuli, Molecule
transport
Antimicrobial substances may... Answer - ...disrupt or dissolve the bilayer
Binary Fission Answer - The cell doubles in mass, DNA replicated in the two
strands separate
Cytokinesis Answer - is an inward pinching of the cell membrane and cell wall
to separate the cell into two genetically identical cells
The generation (or doubling) time Answer - an interval between successive
binary fissions
This constant doubling of the numbers only occurs as long as... Answer -
nutrients for growth are available during the log phase of growth
, A bacterial growth curve Answer - illustrates the dynamics of growth
During the lag phase Answer - no cell division occurs while bacteria adapt to
their new environment
The logarithmic (log) phase Answer - exponential growth of the population
occurs during this phase
Human disease symptoms usually develop during it Answer - Log Phase
Stationary phase Answer - when reproductive and death rates equalize
Decline (exponential death) phase Answer - the accumulation of waste
products and scarcity of resources causes it to enter
Endospores are a response to Answer - nutrient limitation
Endospores are a highly resistant survival structure formed by species of _____
and _____ when nutrient supplies are low Answer - Clostridium and Bacillus
Spores can lay dormant for years then germinate into a vegetative cell,
withstand Answer - boiling water, alcohol and radiation
A stressed cell undergoes asymmetrical cell division creating... Answer -
creating a small prespore and a larger mother cell
The prespore contains Answer - Cytoplasm, DNA, Dipicolinic
AND ANSWERS | LATEST WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
prokaryotic cell with a rod shape Answer - bacillus
spherical bacterial cell Answer - coccus
spiral shaped bacteria Answer - vibrios, spirilla, spirochete
Other shapes of bacterial cells Answer - square, appendage, star-shaped,
filamentous
Structure and organization are based on specific processes cells need to carry
out: Answer - Sensing/responding to stimuli, Compartmentation of
metabolism, Growth and reproduction
Bacterial Flagella Answer - are long appendages Extending from the cell
surface used for cell motility
Anatomy of a bacterial flagella Answer - helical filament, a hook, and a basal
body
chemotaxis Answer - moving up the concentration gradient of a chemical
attractant
,Pili Answer - are protein fibers extending from the surface of many bacteria
Pili help the cell... Answer - Attach cells to surfaces and form biofilms and
microcolonies
conjugation pili are used to Answer - transfer genetic material between cells
Glycocalyx Answer - is an outer layer external to the cell wall that is an
adhering layer of polysaccharides (sometimes small proteins)
capsule Answer - A thick glycolayx bound to the cell
A slime layer Answer - A thinner, diffuse layer of polysaccharides that protects
cells from the environment, and allows them to attach to surfaces
bacterial cell wall Answer - a tough and protective external shell made of
peptidoglycan
The cell wall's functions Answer - protects the cell from injury, and to maintain
cell shape and water balance
Gram-Positive bacteria Answer - have thick peptidoglycan cell walls containing
teichoic acid
Gram-Negative bacteria Answer - have a 2-dimensional peptidoglycan layer
and no teichoic acid
Has an outer membrane, separated from the cell membrane by the... Answer -
periplasmic space
,porins Answer - in outer membrane, selectively allow small molecules into the
periplasmic space
represents the interface between the cell environment and the cell cytoplasm
Answer - The cell membrane
The fluid mosaic model Answer - It is a fluid layer of phospholipid and protein
...form a permeability barrier Answer - Hydrophobic fatty acid chains in the
phospholipids
Membrane proteins perform or aid in many functions Answer - Cell wall
synthesis, Energy metabolism, DNA replication, Sensation of stimuli, Molecule
transport
Antimicrobial substances may... Answer - ...disrupt or dissolve the bilayer
Binary Fission Answer - The cell doubles in mass, DNA replicated in the two
strands separate
Cytokinesis Answer - is an inward pinching of the cell membrane and cell wall
to separate the cell into two genetically identical cells
The generation (or doubling) time Answer - an interval between successive
binary fissions
This constant doubling of the numbers only occurs as long as... Answer -
nutrients for growth are available during the log phase of growth
, A bacterial growth curve Answer - illustrates the dynamics of growth
During the lag phase Answer - no cell division occurs while bacteria adapt to
their new environment
The logarithmic (log) phase Answer - exponential growth of the population
occurs during this phase
Human disease symptoms usually develop during it Answer - Log Phase
Stationary phase Answer - when reproductive and death rates equalize
Decline (exponential death) phase Answer - the accumulation of waste
products and scarcity of resources causes it to enter
Endospores are a response to Answer - nutrient limitation
Endospores are a highly resistant survival structure formed by species of _____
and _____ when nutrient supplies are low Answer - Clostridium and Bacillus
Spores can lay dormant for years then germinate into a vegetative cell,
withstand Answer - boiling water, alcohol and radiation
A stressed cell undergoes asymmetrical cell division creating... Answer -
creating a small prespore and a larger mother cell
The prespore contains Answer - Cytoplasm, DNA, Dipicolinic
