Rutgers Biology 115 – Final Exam
Questions and All Complete Solutions.
Evolution - Answer Descent with modification
Fossils - Answer Remains or traces of organisms from the past
Strata - Answer New layers of sediment cover old ones and compress them into super-
imposed layers of rock
Adaptations - Answer Inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and
reproduction in specific environments
Natural Selection - Answer A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits
tend to survive and reproduce at hight rates than other individuals because of their traits
Artificial Selection - Answer Selecting and breeding individuals that possess desire traits
Homology - Answer Similarity resulting from common ancestry
Vestigial Structures - Answer Remnants of features that served a function in the organisms
ancestors
Evolutionary Tree - Answer A diagram that reflects evolutionary relationships among groups
of organisms
Convergent Evolution - Answer Independent evolution of similar features in different
lineages
Analogous - Answer Features share similar function, but not common ancestry
Biogeography - Answer The study of geographic distributions of species
Endemic - Answer Found no where else in the world
Microevolution - Answer Focusing on evolutionary change in populations on it's smallest
scale
, Genetic Variation - Answer Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes
or other DNA sequences
Neutral Variation - Answer Differences in DNA sequence that do not confer a selective
advantage or disadvantage
Gene Pool - Answer Consists of all copies of every type of allele at every locus in all members
of the population
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium - Answer Population that is not evolving, allele and genotype
frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation
Hardy-Weinberg Equation - Answer p^2+2pq+q^2
Genetic Drift - Answer Allele frequencies to fluctuate unpredictably from one generation to
the next, especially in small populations
Founder Effect - Answer When a few individuals become isolated form a larger population
whose gene pool differs from the source of the population
Bottleneck Effect - Answer A severe drop in population size (caused by natural disaster)
Gene Flow - Answer Transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of
fertile individuals or their gametes
Relative Fitness - Answer The contribution and individual makes to the gene pool of the next
generation relative to the contributions of the other individuals
Directional Selection - Answer When conditions favor individuals exhibiting one extreme of
phenotypic range, thereby shifting a population's frequency curve for the phenotypic character
in one direction or the other
Disruptive Selection - Answer When conditions favor individuals at both extremes of a
phenotypic range over individuals with intermediate phenotypes
Stabilizing Selection - Answer Acts against both extreme phenotypes and favors intermediate
variants
Questions and All Complete Solutions.
Evolution - Answer Descent with modification
Fossils - Answer Remains or traces of organisms from the past
Strata - Answer New layers of sediment cover old ones and compress them into super-
imposed layers of rock
Adaptations - Answer Inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and
reproduction in specific environments
Natural Selection - Answer A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits
tend to survive and reproduce at hight rates than other individuals because of their traits
Artificial Selection - Answer Selecting and breeding individuals that possess desire traits
Homology - Answer Similarity resulting from common ancestry
Vestigial Structures - Answer Remnants of features that served a function in the organisms
ancestors
Evolutionary Tree - Answer A diagram that reflects evolutionary relationships among groups
of organisms
Convergent Evolution - Answer Independent evolution of similar features in different
lineages
Analogous - Answer Features share similar function, but not common ancestry
Biogeography - Answer The study of geographic distributions of species
Endemic - Answer Found no where else in the world
Microevolution - Answer Focusing on evolutionary change in populations on it's smallest
scale
, Genetic Variation - Answer Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes
or other DNA sequences
Neutral Variation - Answer Differences in DNA sequence that do not confer a selective
advantage or disadvantage
Gene Pool - Answer Consists of all copies of every type of allele at every locus in all members
of the population
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium - Answer Population that is not evolving, allele and genotype
frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation
Hardy-Weinberg Equation - Answer p^2+2pq+q^2
Genetic Drift - Answer Allele frequencies to fluctuate unpredictably from one generation to
the next, especially in small populations
Founder Effect - Answer When a few individuals become isolated form a larger population
whose gene pool differs from the source of the population
Bottleneck Effect - Answer A severe drop in population size (caused by natural disaster)
Gene Flow - Answer Transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of
fertile individuals or their gametes
Relative Fitness - Answer The contribution and individual makes to the gene pool of the next
generation relative to the contributions of the other individuals
Directional Selection - Answer When conditions favor individuals exhibiting one extreme of
phenotypic range, thereby shifting a population's frequency curve for the phenotypic character
in one direction or the other
Disruptive Selection - Answer When conditions favor individuals at both extremes of a
phenotypic range over individuals with intermediate phenotypes
Stabilizing Selection - Answer Acts against both extreme phenotypes and favors intermediate
variants
