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Samenvatting - les 1 t/e/m les 3 - Architectuurgeschiedenis I

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Dit is een samenvatting van les 1 t/e/m/ 3 (architectuurgeschiedenis I). Al het collegemateriaal (aantekeningen, afbeeldingen, grondplannen) zit bijeen.

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ARCHITECTUURGESCHIEDENIS 1
2025-2026
INHOUD
1. Introductie ................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Prent vooraan op syllabus ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Historiografisch vs architectonisch.................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Enkele belangrijke boeken en namen ...................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Traject van de cursus .............................................................................................................................. 2
2. Renaissance in Firenze: Brunelleschi, Alberti ................................................................................................. 3
2.1 Filippo Brunelleschi (1420-30) ................................................................................................................. 3
2.1.1 De koepel vd Duomo van Firenze (1420) ........................................................................................... 3
2.1.2 Filippo Brunelleschi .......................................................................................................................... 3
2.1.3 Vooruitgang mogelijk?...................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.4 Humanisten...................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.5 Handelstad ....................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.6 Perspectief ....................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.7 Oeuvre van Brunelleschi (jaren 1420-30) .......................................................................................... 6
1 Vondelingenhuis (1419)...................................................................................................................... 6
2 San Lorenzo Kerk (1421) ..................................................................................................................... 6
3 Santo Spirito ...................................................................................................................................... 7
4 Pazzi-kapel (1442) .............................................................................................................................. 8
2.2 Leon Battista Alberti (jaren 1450-70) ....................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Malatesta......................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.2 Oeuvre van Alberti (jaren 1450-70) ................................................................................................... 9
1 Kerk San Francesco (1450) ................................................................................................................ 10
2.2.3 Giovanni Rucellai ............................................................................................................................ 10
2 Santa Maria Novella (1470) .............................................................................................................. 11
3 Palazzo Rucellai (1460) ..................................................................................................................... 11
4 Capella Rucellai (1460) ..................................................................................................................... 11
5 San Sebastiano (1460) ...................................................................................................................... 12
6 Santa Andrea Kerk (1470) ................................................................................................................. 12
3. De verspreiding van de renaissance: Urbino en Milaan................................................................................ 14
3.1 Urbino (jaren 1440-80), microklimaat vh renaissance-humanisme ......................................................... 14
3.2. Federico da Montefeltro, il principe umanista ...................................................................................... 14
3.3. Palazzo Ducale, Federico's studiolo ...................................................................................................... 14
3.4. Luciano Laurana, Piero della Francesca................................................................................................. 14
3.4.1 Palazzo Ducale ............................................................................................................................... 15
1 Cortile (binnenplaats/-koer) ............................................................................................................. 15


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, 3.4.2 Palazzo Medici Ricardi (Firenze) vs. Palazzo Ducale (Urbino) ........................................................... 15
2 Studiolo di Frederico ........................................................................................................................ 16
3.4.3 Altaarstuk Pala di Brera .................................................................................................................. 16
3.5. Francesco di Giorgio Martini ................................................................................................................ 16
3.5.1 Santa Maria delle Grazie al Calcinaio (1480) .................................................................................... 17
3.5.2 Traktaat vd Burgerlijke en militaire architectuur (1480-90) ............................................................. 17
3.5.3 San Bernardino (Urbino - 1480) ...................................................................................................... 18
3.6. 'Bellezza op het slagveld': de militaire architectuur............................................................................... 18
3.6.1 Traktaat over de burgerlijke en militaire architectuur ..................................................................... 18
3.6.2 Rocca (= verdedigingsburcht) di Sassocorvaro (1470-80) ................................................................. 18
3.7 De 'città ideale' ..................................................................................................................................... 19
3.7.1 Città ideale van Martini (1470-80) .................................................................................................. 19
1 Ontwerp van een polygonale stad .................................................................................................... 19
2 Piazza Ducale (Vigevano - 1490) ....................................................................................................... 19
3.7 Traditie en vernieuwing: de renaissance in Lombardije .......................................................................... 20
3.7.1 Milaan............................................................................................................................................ 20
1 Tiburio – Duomo Milaan ................................................................................................................... 20
2 Certosa di Pavia................................................................................................................................ 20
3 Colleoni kapel – Bergamo ................................................................................................................. 21
3.8 Filarete en de Sforza in Milaan .............................................................................................................. 21
1 Castello Sforzesco – Milaan – 1450 ................................................................................................... 21
2 Ospendale Maggiore – Milaan – 1460............................................................................................... 21
3.8.1 Traktaat van Filarete: Trattato di Architettura - 1464 ...................................................................... 22
3.9 Donato Bramante in Milaan .................................................................................................................. 22
1 Santa Maria presso San Satiro – Milaan – late jaren 1470 ................................................................. 23
2 Duomo di Pavia - 1480...................................................................................................................... 23
3 Santa Maria delle Grazie – Milaan – 1470 ......................................................................................... 23
3.10 Epiloog: Leonardo Da Vinci .................................................................................................................. 24
4. De hoog-renaissance in Rome: het 'maniërisme' ......................................................................................... 24
4.1 1503-1520: een nieuwe rol voor de kunsten: Julius II en Bramante – het Tempietto, het Belvedere, de San
Pietro ......................................................................................................................................................... 24
4.1.1 Situatie & achtergrond in Rome & heropleving kunsten .................................................................. 24
4.1.2 Bramante in Rome ......................................................................................................................... 25
1 Tempietto – binnenkoer San Pietro Montorio – 1502........................................................................ 25
2 Cortile Belvedere – 1505 .................................................................................................................. 25
3 San Pietro basiliek – 1505 ................................................................................................................. 25
4 Stanza della Segnatura – in pauselijk paleis – Vaticaan – 1510 .......................................................... 26
4.2 Leo X en Raffaello Sanzio: de Stanze, Villa Madama en de Logge ........................................................... 26
1 Villa Madama – Rome – 1518 ........................................................................................................... 26
2 Loggia Villa Madama – Rome – 1518 ................................................................................................ 27
3 Logge Vaticane – Rome – 1519 ......................................................................................................... 27

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, 4.3 1520, 1527: de liquidatie van de mythe van de Renaissance .................................................................. 27
4.4 Maniërismen: de maniera en de kunsten - norm en licenza ................................................................... 28
4.4.1 Beelden van de maniëristische schilderkunst .................................................................................. 28
4.4.2 Architectuur op dat moment? ........................................................................................................ 29
1 Palazzo Marino – Milaan – midden 16e E .......................................................................................... 29
2 Villa Pia – Rome – 1550 .................................................................................................................... 29
4.5 Giulio Romano's Palazzo del Te: licenza en varietas ............................................................................... 30
4.5.1 Palazzo del Te – Mantua – 1524...................................................................................................... 30
1 Sala dei Cavalli ................................................................................................................................. 31
2 Sala di Psyche ................................................................................................................................... 31
3 Sala degli Stucchi .............................................................................................................................. 31
4 Sala dei Giganti ................................................................................................................................ 31
4.6 Architecturale manierismen en de verspreiding in Europa ..................................................................... 31
1 Hof van Fontainebleau, van François I .............................................................................................. 32
2 Casa Degli Omenoni – Milaan .......................................................................................................... 32
3 Traktaat over de architectuur door Paul Vredeman de Vries ............................................................. 32
4.7 Excursus: de Modi - norm en transgressie Giulio Romano en de maniera ............................................... 33
4.7.1 Erotische schetsen.......................................................................................................................... 33
5. Resisting the renaissance? Venetië en de radicale moderniteit.................................................................... 35
5.1 Over het ‘beeld’ Venetië: la maniera veneziana ..................................................................................... 35
1 Ca’Foscari – Venetië – 1452.............................................................................................................. 35
2 Ca' del Duca – Venetië – 1460 .......................................................................................................... 35
5.1.1 La maniera Veneziana .................................................................................................................... 35
3 San Marco Basiliek – Venetië ............................................................................................................ 36
5.1.2 Schilderijen van Venetië ................................................................................................................. 36
3 San Marco basiliek – Venetië – 1060................................................................................................. 37
4 Dogenpaleis – Venetië – 1424 .......................................................................................................... 37
5.2 1460-1500: renovatio urbis en historische continuïteit - Mauro Codussi, Pietro en Tullio Lombardo ...... 37
5.2.1 Aankomst renaissance in Venetië ................................................................................................... 37
1 Arsenale – Venetië – 1460 ................................................................................................................ 37
2 Isola di San Michele – Venetië – 1468 ............................................................................................... 38
3 Santa Maria dei Miracoli – Venetië – 1480 ........................................................................................ 38
4 Scuola Grande di San Marco – Venetië – 1487 .................................................................................. 39
5 Torre dell'Orologio – Venetië – 1496-1499 ....................................................................................... 39
6 Santi Giovanni e Paolo – Venetië – 1476 ........................................................................................... 39
7 Chiesa di San Salvador – Venetië – 1507 ........................................................................................... 39
5.3 Privé vs publiek: limieten aan de fasto................................................................................................... 40
1 Palazzo Loredan Vendramin Calergi – Venetië – 1500 ....................................................................... 40
5.4 Revisie van de mythen: twee kansen op een radicale modernisering - piazza San Marco en Rialto ......... 41
5.4.1 Mogelijkheden tot modernisering................................................................................................... 41


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, 5.5 De radicalen aan de macht (1530s): doge Gritti en proto Sansovino - Venetië als nieuw Rome............... 41
1 San Francesco della Vigna – Venetië – 1534 ...................................................................................... 42
2 Piazza San Marco ............................................................................................................................. 42
3 Biblioteca Marciana – Venetië – 1537 ............................................................................................... 42
4 Transformatie Campanile – Venetië.................................................................................................. 42
5 Palazzo Corner – Venetië – 1530 ...................................................................................................... 43
6 Palazzo Grimani – Venetië – 1530 ..................................................................................................... 43
7 Scuola nouva di Santa Maria della Misericordia – Venetië – 1540 ..................................................... 43
5.6 Het potentiële Venetië van Daniele Barbaro en Andrea Palladio, 1550-70 ............................................. 43
1 San Giorgio Maggiore – Venetië – 1550 ............................................................................................ 44
2 Dogenpaleis – Venetië...................................................................................................................... 44
3 Il Redentore – Venetië – 1575 .......................................................................................................... 44
6. Andrea Palladio en de ontwikkeling van de Veneto ..................................................................................... 45
6.1. De economische noodzaak van de ontwikkeling van het Venetiaanse hinterland .................................. 45
6.2. Palladio's vorming en de ontwikkeling van de villa – 1540-70 ............................................................... 45
6.2.1 Andrea Palladio .............................................................................................................................. 45
6.2.2 Gian Giorgio Trissino ...................................................................................................................... 46
1 Villa Pisani – Vicenza – 1540 ............................................................................................................. 46
6.3 De villa als landbouwmachine ............................................................................................................... 47
1 Villa Emo – Venetiaanse hinterland – 1558 ! ..................................................................................... 47
2 Villa Badoer – Venetiaanse hinterland – 1560 ................................................................................... 47
6.4 Een grammatica voor een homogene en rationele ontwerpwijze ........................................................... 47
1 Villa Chiericati – Venetiaans hinterland – 1560 ................................................................................. 48
2 Villa Pojana – Venetiaanse hinterland – 1560 ................................................................................... 49
3 Villa Saraceno – Venetiaanse hinterland – 1560 ................................................................................ 49
6.5 Danielle Barbaro en de villa Barbaro ..................................................................................................... 49
1 Villa Barbaro – Venetiaanse hinterland – 1560.................................................................................. 49
2 Villa Foscari – Venetiaanse hinterland – 1560 ................................................................................... 50
3 Villa Rotonda – Venetiaanse hinterland – 1570!!.............................................................................. 50
6.6 Palladio in Vincenza .............................................................................................................................. 51
1 Palazzo Thiene – Vicenza – 1542 ...................................................................................................... 51
2 Palazzo Chiericati – Vicenza – 1550!! ................................................................................................ 51
3 Palazzo Porto – Vicenza – 1550......................................................................................................... 51
4 Basilica Palladiana – Vicenza – 1550 ................................................................................................. 52
5 Teatro Olimpico – Vicenza – 1580 .................................................................................................... 52
6.7 Palladio's I Quattro Libri en het palladianisme ....................................................................................... 52
1 Quattro Libri dell'Architettura – Palladio – 1570 ............................................................................... 52
2 Populariteit Palladio ......................................................................................................................... 53




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