WGU - C458 - HEALTH, WELLNESS
AND FITNESS
Amphetamines---ans-✔✔Uppers,-stimulants.-Legitimate-and-useful-medical-
applications,-but-often-abused.-Example-Ritalin-for-ADHD.-Adderall-for-obesity,-ADHD-
and-narcolepsy.
Ecstasy---ans-✔✔MDMA.-Club-drug-often-used-at-all-night-dance-parties-(raves).-
Stimulant-that-increases-heart-rate-and-blood-pressure-and-can-lead-to-heart-or-kidney-
failure;-regular-use-produces-long-lasting,-perhaps-permanent,-damage-to-your-brains-
ability-to-think-and-store-memories.
Hallucinogens---ans-✔✔Substances-that-occur-naturally-or-produce-synthetically-that-
distort-user's-perception-of-reality;-cause-sensory-illusions-that-make-it-difficult-to-
distinguish-fact-from-fantasy.-Example:-LSD,-peyote,-PCP.
Barbiturates---ans-✔✔Historically-represented-one-of-nations-biggest-drug-abuse-
problems.-Generally-known-as-downers,-often-taken-as-a-way-of-escaping-problems-of-
daily-living.-Effects-range-from-person-feeling-drowsy,-uninhibited,-and-intoxicated-to-
intoxication-and-staggering-as-if-drunk,-slurred-speech,-confused.
Nicotine---ans-✔✔Found-in-tobacco.-Potent-parasympathetic-alkaloid,-stimulant-drug,-
addictive.-Associated-with-cardiovascular-disease,-potential-birth-defects,-and-
poisoning.-Associated-with-cancer.
Suppositories---ans-✔✔Drug-delivery-system-inserted-into-rectum,-vagina,-or-urethra-
where-it-dissolves-or-melts-and-is-absorbed-into-the-bloodstream.
Diuretics---ans-✔✔Promotes-production-of-urine.-Used-for-high-blood-pressure.-Often-
used-by-bulimics-for-weight-loss.
Intravenous-injection---ans-✔✔A-route-of-drug-administration-directly-into-the-
bloodstream-through-a-vein.-Yield-sstrongest-and-most-rapid-effact-but-is-most-
dangerous-due-to-risk-of-infection,-vein-collapse,-or-overdose.
Intramuscular-injection---ans-✔✔A-route-of-drug-administration;-injected-into-the-muscle.
, Drug-abuse---ans-✔✔Generally-refers-to-chronic,-excessive-use-of-a-drug.-May-also-
refer-to-a-person's-intent.
Drug-inhibition-(receptor-site)---ans-✔✔
THC---ans-✔✔Active-ingredient-in-marijuana.-Connects-to-nerve-cell-sites-and-brain-
called-cannabinoid-receptors-and-influences-the-activity-of-those-cells.-Influences-
pleasure,-memory,-thought,-concentration,-sensory-and-time-perception,-and-
coordinated-movement.-Increases-risk-of-heart-attack.-Increases-risk-of-cancer.-Can-
lead-to-depression-anxiety-and-personality-disturbances.-Causes-birth-defects.-Can-be-
used-for-medical-purposes:-glaucoma,-Chemotherapy-cause-to-nausea-and-vomiting,-
appetite-stimulant,-antiasthmatic,-seizures,-muscle-relaxant-action.
Receptor-sites-(of-a-drug)---ans-✔✔Target-cells-for-drugs.
OTC-drugs---ans-✔✔Over-the-counter-drugs;-such-as,-cough-medicine,-pain-
medication,-allergy-medication-that-don't-require-prescriptions.
Tolerance---ans-✔✔Some-drugs-are-used-frequently,-large-doses-are-required-to-
maintain-the-same-effect
Anabolic-steroids---ans-✔✔Synthetic-variant-of-the-male-sex-hormone-testosterone
Opioids---ans-✔✔Substances-that-act-on-the-nervous-system,-medications-that-are-
artificially-made,-reduce-the-intensity-of-pain-signals-reaching-the-brain-and-affect-those-
brain-areas-controlling-emotion-which-diminishes-the-effects-of-a-painful-stimulus;-
Morphine,-tramadol,-oxycodone,-methadone
Endorphins---ans-✔✔Endogenous-opioid-neuropeptides.-Produced-by-central-nervous-
system-and-pituitary-gland.-Released-during-exercise,-interact-with-the-receptors-in-your-
brain-to-reduce-perception-of-pain,-trigger-positive-body-feeling,-similar-to-morphine
GRASE-list-(FDA)---ans-✔✔Generally-recognized-as-safe-by-the-FDA-for-use-in-food-
and-drugs
Epinephrine---ans-✔✔Sometimes-called-adrenaline;-secreted-by-the-adrenal-medulla;-
stimulation-of-the-meulla-by-the-sympathetic-division-of-the-autonomic-nervous-system-
causes-release-of-hormones,-especially-epinephrine,-into-the-blood-to-initiate-short-term-
fight-or-flight-response-to-stress
Synergism---ans-✔✔Combined-action-of-drugs-is-greater-than-the-sum-of-the-effects-of-
anyone-drug-taking-a-loan.-For-example,-some-drugs-potentiate-or-increase-the-effects-
of-another-drug.
Prostaglandin-inhibitors---ans-✔✔NSAIDs.-Medications-that-act-on-prostaglandins,-
compounds-that-regulate-muscle-contractions.
AND FITNESS
Amphetamines---ans-✔✔Uppers,-stimulants.-Legitimate-and-useful-medical-
applications,-but-often-abused.-Example-Ritalin-for-ADHD.-Adderall-for-obesity,-ADHD-
and-narcolepsy.
Ecstasy---ans-✔✔MDMA.-Club-drug-often-used-at-all-night-dance-parties-(raves).-
Stimulant-that-increases-heart-rate-and-blood-pressure-and-can-lead-to-heart-or-kidney-
failure;-regular-use-produces-long-lasting,-perhaps-permanent,-damage-to-your-brains-
ability-to-think-and-store-memories.
Hallucinogens---ans-✔✔Substances-that-occur-naturally-or-produce-synthetically-that-
distort-user's-perception-of-reality;-cause-sensory-illusions-that-make-it-difficult-to-
distinguish-fact-from-fantasy.-Example:-LSD,-peyote,-PCP.
Barbiturates---ans-✔✔Historically-represented-one-of-nations-biggest-drug-abuse-
problems.-Generally-known-as-downers,-often-taken-as-a-way-of-escaping-problems-of-
daily-living.-Effects-range-from-person-feeling-drowsy,-uninhibited,-and-intoxicated-to-
intoxication-and-staggering-as-if-drunk,-slurred-speech,-confused.
Nicotine---ans-✔✔Found-in-tobacco.-Potent-parasympathetic-alkaloid,-stimulant-drug,-
addictive.-Associated-with-cardiovascular-disease,-potential-birth-defects,-and-
poisoning.-Associated-with-cancer.
Suppositories---ans-✔✔Drug-delivery-system-inserted-into-rectum,-vagina,-or-urethra-
where-it-dissolves-or-melts-and-is-absorbed-into-the-bloodstream.
Diuretics---ans-✔✔Promotes-production-of-urine.-Used-for-high-blood-pressure.-Often-
used-by-bulimics-for-weight-loss.
Intravenous-injection---ans-✔✔A-route-of-drug-administration-directly-into-the-
bloodstream-through-a-vein.-Yield-sstrongest-and-most-rapid-effact-but-is-most-
dangerous-due-to-risk-of-infection,-vein-collapse,-or-overdose.
Intramuscular-injection---ans-✔✔A-route-of-drug-administration;-injected-into-the-muscle.
, Drug-abuse---ans-✔✔Generally-refers-to-chronic,-excessive-use-of-a-drug.-May-also-
refer-to-a-person's-intent.
Drug-inhibition-(receptor-site)---ans-✔✔
THC---ans-✔✔Active-ingredient-in-marijuana.-Connects-to-nerve-cell-sites-and-brain-
called-cannabinoid-receptors-and-influences-the-activity-of-those-cells.-Influences-
pleasure,-memory,-thought,-concentration,-sensory-and-time-perception,-and-
coordinated-movement.-Increases-risk-of-heart-attack.-Increases-risk-of-cancer.-Can-
lead-to-depression-anxiety-and-personality-disturbances.-Causes-birth-defects.-Can-be-
used-for-medical-purposes:-glaucoma,-Chemotherapy-cause-to-nausea-and-vomiting,-
appetite-stimulant,-antiasthmatic,-seizures,-muscle-relaxant-action.
Receptor-sites-(of-a-drug)---ans-✔✔Target-cells-for-drugs.
OTC-drugs---ans-✔✔Over-the-counter-drugs;-such-as,-cough-medicine,-pain-
medication,-allergy-medication-that-don't-require-prescriptions.
Tolerance---ans-✔✔Some-drugs-are-used-frequently,-large-doses-are-required-to-
maintain-the-same-effect
Anabolic-steroids---ans-✔✔Synthetic-variant-of-the-male-sex-hormone-testosterone
Opioids---ans-✔✔Substances-that-act-on-the-nervous-system,-medications-that-are-
artificially-made,-reduce-the-intensity-of-pain-signals-reaching-the-brain-and-affect-those-
brain-areas-controlling-emotion-which-diminishes-the-effects-of-a-painful-stimulus;-
Morphine,-tramadol,-oxycodone,-methadone
Endorphins---ans-✔✔Endogenous-opioid-neuropeptides.-Produced-by-central-nervous-
system-and-pituitary-gland.-Released-during-exercise,-interact-with-the-receptors-in-your-
brain-to-reduce-perception-of-pain,-trigger-positive-body-feeling,-similar-to-morphine
GRASE-list-(FDA)---ans-✔✔Generally-recognized-as-safe-by-the-FDA-for-use-in-food-
and-drugs
Epinephrine---ans-✔✔Sometimes-called-adrenaline;-secreted-by-the-adrenal-medulla;-
stimulation-of-the-meulla-by-the-sympathetic-division-of-the-autonomic-nervous-system-
causes-release-of-hormones,-especially-epinephrine,-into-the-blood-to-initiate-short-term-
fight-or-flight-response-to-stress
Synergism---ans-✔✔Combined-action-of-drugs-is-greater-than-the-sum-of-the-effects-of-
anyone-drug-taking-a-loan.-For-example,-some-drugs-potentiate-or-increase-the-effects-
of-another-drug.
Prostaglandin-inhibitors---ans-✔✔NSAIDs.-Medications-that-act-on-prostaglandins,-
compounds-that-regulate-muscle-contractions.
