HSC203 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
EXAM LATEST 2025/2026 SPRING-
SUMMER JERSEY COLLEGE (SOLVED)
Which types of reactions are anaphylactic?
- Skin: pruritus, tingling, warmth, hives
- Respiration: difficulty in breathing, cough, wheezing, tight feeling
- Cardiovascular: decreased BP
- CNS: anxiety and fear (early); weakness, dizziness, and loss of consciousness
Diagnostic test for joint disease (procedure)
Arthroscopy: Insertion of a lens directly into the joint
Electromyograms: measure the electrical charge associated with muscle contraction
adn are helpful in differentiating muscle disorders from neurologic disease
Open fracture is at risk for?
More damage to soft tissue, including the blood vessels and nerves, and much higher
risk for infection
Compartment Syndrome
Develops shortly after the fracture occurs when there is more extensive inflammation,
such as with crush injuries. Increased pressure of fluid within the fascia compresses the
nerves and blood vessels, causing severe pain and ischemia or necrosis of the muscle.
What causes the sounds of a heart murmur?
Valvular abnormalities or abnormal shunts of blood.
, Lab tests for MI, what enzymes are we looking for?
Troponin blood test: measures the levels of blood proteins called troponins
Nonmodifiable risk factors for cardiac disease?
Age, Gender, Genetic or familial factor
Dietary modifications to reduce heart disease
Healthy diet, regular exercise, moderation in alcohol intake, cessation of smoking, safe
sexual practices, immunizations, monitoring body weight and BP, basic screening for
cholesterol and cancer
Signs & Symptoms of MI
- Pain: Chest pain, left arm, shoulder, jaw, or neck
- Pallor, nausea, dizziness, weakness, dyspnea
- Marked anxiety or fear
- Hypotension
- Low-grade fever
Treatments for MI (nurses) - MONA
Anticoagulants, thrombolytic agents, medication to reduce dysrhythmias, defibrillation,
or a pacemaker, bypass surgery, cardiac rehab
Normal RBC count
4.2-5.9 million
Normal WBC count
WBC: (leukocytes): 4,500-10,500
EXAM LATEST 2025/2026 SPRING-
SUMMER JERSEY COLLEGE (SOLVED)
Which types of reactions are anaphylactic?
- Skin: pruritus, tingling, warmth, hives
- Respiration: difficulty in breathing, cough, wheezing, tight feeling
- Cardiovascular: decreased BP
- CNS: anxiety and fear (early); weakness, dizziness, and loss of consciousness
Diagnostic test for joint disease (procedure)
Arthroscopy: Insertion of a lens directly into the joint
Electromyograms: measure the electrical charge associated with muscle contraction
adn are helpful in differentiating muscle disorders from neurologic disease
Open fracture is at risk for?
More damage to soft tissue, including the blood vessels and nerves, and much higher
risk for infection
Compartment Syndrome
Develops shortly after the fracture occurs when there is more extensive inflammation,
such as with crush injuries. Increased pressure of fluid within the fascia compresses the
nerves and blood vessels, causing severe pain and ischemia or necrosis of the muscle.
What causes the sounds of a heart murmur?
Valvular abnormalities or abnormal shunts of blood.
, Lab tests for MI, what enzymes are we looking for?
Troponin blood test: measures the levels of blood proteins called troponins
Nonmodifiable risk factors for cardiac disease?
Age, Gender, Genetic or familial factor
Dietary modifications to reduce heart disease
Healthy diet, regular exercise, moderation in alcohol intake, cessation of smoking, safe
sexual practices, immunizations, monitoring body weight and BP, basic screening for
cholesterol and cancer
Signs & Symptoms of MI
- Pain: Chest pain, left arm, shoulder, jaw, or neck
- Pallor, nausea, dizziness, weakness, dyspnea
- Marked anxiety or fear
- Hypotension
- Low-grade fever
Treatments for MI (nurses) - MONA
Anticoagulants, thrombolytic agents, medication to reduce dysrhythmias, defibrillation,
or a pacemaker, bypass surgery, cardiac rehab
Normal RBC count
4.2-5.9 million
Normal WBC count
WBC: (leukocytes): 4,500-10,500
