NSG 5003 Final week 10 Exam
Updated Questions And Answers With
100% Correct Answers Graded A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which
human diseases? ANSWER -Autoimmune and malignant disorders
Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells? ANSWER -The
resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to ANSWER -
swell because of the influx of sodium chloride
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases
ANSWER -Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
Free Radicals cause cell damage by: ANSWER -Giving up an electron, which causes injury
to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? ANSWER -
Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production.
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury? ANSWER
-Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis.
Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis? ANSWER -
Programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within the
cell because ANSWER -Sodium chloride enters the cell
, What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion? ANSWER -Hemoconcentration
occurs because of the loss of salt and water.
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because ANSWER -ATP is
insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.
What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell membranes by
uncontrolled enzyme activation? ANSWER -Depletion of ATP normally pumps calcium
from the cell.
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? ANSWER -Hypoxic injury
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because
ANSWER -The pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a
decrease in ATP levels.
Current research has determined that chemical-induced cellular injury: ANSWER -Is often
the result of the damage caused by reactive free radicals.
A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for the transmission of
nerve impulses is the ratio between ANSWER -Intracellular and extracellular K+
During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by shifting
hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte? ANSWER -Potassium
Causes of hyperkalemia include: ANSWER -Renal failure and Addison disease
In hyperkalemia, what change occurs to the cells' resting membrane potential? ANSWER -
Hypopolarization
The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances? ANSWER -
Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D
It is true that Kussmaul respirations indicate: ANSWER -A compensatory measure is
needed to correct metabolic acidosis.
Updated Questions And Answers With
100% Correct Answers Graded A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which
human diseases? ANSWER -Autoimmune and malignant disorders
Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells? ANSWER -The
resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to ANSWER -
swell because of the influx of sodium chloride
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases
ANSWER -Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
Free Radicals cause cell damage by: ANSWER -Giving up an electron, which causes injury
to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? ANSWER -
Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production.
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury? ANSWER
-Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis.
Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis? ANSWER -
Programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within the
cell because ANSWER -Sodium chloride enters the cell
, What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion? ANSWER -Hemoconcentration
occurs because of the loss of salt and water.
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because ANSWER -ATP is
insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.
What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell membranes by
uncontrolled enzyme activation? ANSWER -Depletion of ATP normally pumps calcium
from the cell.
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? ANSWER -Hypoxic injury
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because
ANSWER -The pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a
decrease in ATP levels.
Current research has determined that chemical-induced cellular injury: ANSWER -Is often
the result of the damage caused by reactive free radicals.
A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for the transmission of
nerve impulses is the ratio between ANSWER -Intracellular and extracellular K+
During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by shifting
hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte? ANSWER -Potassium
Causes of hyperkalemia include: ANSWER -Renal failure and Addison disease
In hyperkalemia, what change occurs to the cells' resting membrane potential? ANSWER -
Hypopolarization
The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances? ANSWER -
Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D
It is true that Kussmaul respirations indicate: ANSWER -A compensatory measure is
needed to correct metabolic acidosis.
