NURS6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM 201 CERTIFICATION TEST 2026
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
◉ Ejection Fraction. Answer: Percentage of blood pumped from the
heart.
◉ Oxygen Saturation. Answer: Percentage of hemoglobin bound
with oxygen.
◉ Cholecystectomy. Answer: Surgical removal of the gallbladder.
◉ Acute Respiratory Acidosis. Answer: Rapid increase in CO2
causing respiratory failure.
◉ Antibiotic Therapy. Answer: Use of drugs to treat bacterial
infections.
◉ Watery Diarrhea. Answer: Loose stools often associated with
gastrointestinal infections.
◉ C-Diff. Answer: Clostridium difficile infection causing severe
diarrhea.
,◉ Bacillus cereus. Answer: A bacterium causing foodborne illness.
◉ C-diff. Answer: Clostridium difficile, causing severe diarrhea.
◉ Restrictive lung disease. Answer: Limits lung expansion, reducing
airflow.
◉ Chvostek sign. Answer: Facial twitching indicating hypocalcemia.
◉ Pneumocystic pneumonia. Answer: Common AIDS-related lung
infection.
◉ CD4+ count. Answer: <200 cells/mm³ indicates AIDS diagnosis.
◉ Benign tumor. Answer: Well differentiated, slow-growing,
encapsulated.
◉ Hypertrophied left ventricle. Answer: Thickened heart wall due to
hypertension.
◉ Non-classic Hodgkin's lymphoma. Answer: Characterized by
lymphohistiocytic cells.
, ◉ Aspirin effect. Answer: Inhibits platelet aggregation during
clotting.
◉ Pneumonia causative organisms. Answer: Treponema pallidum
does not cause pneumonia.
◉ Acute bronchitis diagnosis. Answer: Based on clinical
presentation, not lab tests.
◉ Systemic lupus erythematosus. Answer: Proteinuria and
hematuria indicate kidney involvement.
◉ Variceal bleeding. Answer: Severe bleeding from esophageal
varices.
◉ Microcytic anemia. Answer: Characterized by low MCV, often iron
deficiency.
◉ Normocytic anemia. Answer: Normal MCV, often due to chronic
disease.
◉ Macrocytic anemia. Answer: High MCV, often due to vitamin B12
deficiency.
MIDTERM 201 CERTIFICATION TEST 2026
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
◉ Ejection Fraction. Answer: Percentage of blood pumped from the
heart.
◉ Oxygen Saturation. Answer: Percentage of hemoglobin bound
with oxygen.
◉ Cholecystectomy. Answer: Surgical removal of the gallbladder.
◉ Acute Respiratory Acidosis. Answer: Rapid increase in CO2
causing respiratory failure.
◉ Antibiotic Therapy. Answer: Use of drugs to treat bacterial
infections.
◉ Watery Diarrhea. Answer: Loose stools often associated with
gastrointestinal infections.
◉ C-Diff. Answer: Clostridium difficile infection causing severe
diarrhea.
,◉ Bacillus cereus. Answer: A bacterium causing foodborne illness.
◉ C-diff. Answer: Clostridium difficile, causing severe diarrhea.
◉ Restrictive lung disease. Answer: Limits lung expansion, reducing
airflow.
◉ Chvostek sign. Answer: Facial twitching indicating hypocalcemia.
◉ Pneumocystic pneumonia. Answer: Common AIDS-related lung
infection.
◉ CD4+ count. Answer: <200 cells/mm³ indicates AIDS diagnosis.
◉ Benign tumor. Answer: Well differentiated, slow-growing,
encapsulated.
◉ Hypertrophied left ventricle. Answer: Thickened heart wall due to
hypertension.
◉ Non-classic Hodgkin's lymphoma. Answer: Characterized by
lymphohistiocytic cells.
, ◉ Aspirin effect. Answer: Inhibits platelet aggregation during
clotting.
◉ Pneumonia causative organisms. Answer: Treponema pallidum
does not cause pneumonia.
◉ Acute bronchitis diagnosis. Answer: Based on clinical
presentation, not lab tests.
◉ Systemic lupus erythematosus. Answer: Proteinuria and
hematuria indicate kidney involvement.
◉ Variceal bleeding. Answer: Severe bleeding from esophageal
varices.
◉ Microcytic anemia. Answer: Characterized by low MCV, often iron
deficiency.
◉ Normocytic anemia. Answer: Normal MCV, often due to chronic
disease.
◉ Macrocytic anemia. Answer: High MCV, often due to vitamin B12
deficiency.
