NURS 303 Exam 2 – Questions With Verified
Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (274)
What is cardiac output -volume of blood pumped from left ventricle/per
minute
-SV x HR = CO
What is cardiac output? The amount of blood the heart pumps in a minute.
What is heart rate? The number of heart beats per minute.
How does an increase in heart rate An increase in heart rate directly increases cardiac
affect cardiac output? output by pumping blood more frequently.
What is circulating volume in relation Circulating volume refers to the amount of blood in
to cardiac output? the ventricles at the end of diastole.
How does increased circulating Increased circulating volume leads to more
volume affect cardiac output? stretching of the heart muscles, resulting in a more
forceful contraction and higher stroke volume, thus
increasing cardiac output.
What is contractility? The intrinsic force of heart muscle to contract at any
given end diastolic volume.
How does increased contractility Increased contractility allows the heart to pump
affect cardiac output? more blood with each beat, increasing stroke volume
and cardiac output.
What is peripheral vascular resistance -sytemic vasuclar resistance
-the force or resistance the blood vesseles (primarily
arteries and arterioles) exert against blood flow
,What does SVR stand for? Systemic Vascular Resistance
What is vasodilation? Widening of blood vessels
How does vasodilation affect SVR and It decreases SVR and reduces blood pressure
blood pressure?
What is vasoconstriction? Narrowing of blood vessels
How does vasoconstriction affect SVR It increases SVR and blood pressure
and blood pressure?
What factors can affect SVR? Vessel length and blood viscosity
How does blood viscosity affect SVR? High RBC count increases viscosity, raising SVR
What is the equation for blood BP = CO x SVR
pressure
Understand how alterations in SVR -increases in either CO or SVR raise BP while
and CO affect BP decreases in either reduce it
What role do baroreceptors play in Baroreceptors signal the sympathetic nervous
blood pressure regulation? system; low blood pressure decreases stretch,
reducing signaling, which increases sympathetic
activity to raise heart rate, contractility, and
peripheral resistance.
What triggers the renin-angiotensin- Decreased blood pressure and low sodium levels
aldosterone system? trigger the kidneys to release renin.
What is the function of aldosterone in Aldosterone causes the kidneys to retain sodium and
blood pressure regulation? water, increasing blood volume.
What hormone does the pituitary The pituitary gland releases antidiuretic hormone
gland release to regulate water (ADH).
reabsorption?
, How does ADH affect the kidneys? ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidneys'
collecting ducts, concentrating urine and expanding
blood volume.
What is systolic blood pressure systole is during contraction of the heart, this is the
TOP blood presure number, indicating the pressure
in the arteries during contraction
what is diastolic blood pressure diastole is during relaxation of the heart. This is the
bottom BP number indicating the pressure in the
arteries in betwen beats
What is considered a healthy blood Systolic less than 120 and diastolic less than 80
pressure level?
What are the systolic and diastolic Systolic 120-129 and diastolic less than 80
levels for elevated blood pressure?
What are the systolic and diastolic Systolic 130-139 and diastolic 80-89
levels for stage 1 hypertension?
What are the systolic and diastolic Systolic 140 or higher and diastolic 90 or higher
levels for stage 2 hypertension?
What are the systolic and diastolic Systolic over 180 and diastolic over 120
levels for a hypertension crisis?
What is hypertension often referred to Silent killer
as?
What is the primary cause of Slow, unknown cause
hypertension?
What is secondary hypertension Underlying disease
caused by?
Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (274)
What is cardiac output -volume of blood pumped from left ventricle/per
minute
-SV x HR = CO
What is cardiac output? The amount of blood the heart pumps in a minute.
What is heart rate? The number of heart beats per minute.
How does an increase in heart rate An increase in heart rate directly increases cardiac
affect cardiac output? output by pumping blood more frequently.
What is circulating volume in relation Circulating volume refers to the amount of blood in
to cardiac output? the ventricles at the end of diastole.
How does increased circulating Increased circulating volume leads to more
volume affect cardiac output? stretching of the heart muscles, resulting in a more
forceful contraction and higher stroke volume, thus
increasing cardiac output.
What is contractility? The intrinsic force of heart muscle to contract at any
given end diastolic volume.
How does increased contractility Increased contractility allows the heart to pump
affect cardiac output? more blood with each beat, increasing stroke volume
and cardiac output.
What is peripheral vascular resistance -sytemic vasuclar resistance
-the force or resistance the blood vesseles (primarily
arteries and arterioles) exert against blood flow
,What does SVR stand for? Systemic Vascular Resistance
What is vasodilation? Widening of blood vessels
How does vasodilation affect SVR and It decreases SVR and reduces blood pressure
blood pressure?
What is vasoconstriction? Narrowing of blood vessels
How does vasoconstriction affect SVR It increases SVR and blood pressure
and blood pressure?
What factors can affect SVR? Vessel length and blood viscosity
How does blood viscosity affect SVR? High RBC count increases viscosity, raising SVR
What is the equation for blood BP = CO x SVR
pressure
Understand how alterations in SVR -increases in either CO or SVR raise BP while
and CO affect BP decreases in either reduce it
What role do baroreceptors play in Baroreceptors signal the sympathetic nervous
blood pressure regulation? system; low blood pressure decreases stretch,
reducing signaling, which increases sympathetic
activity to raise heart rate, contractility, and
peripheral resistance.
What triggers the renin-angiotensin- Decreased blood pressure and low sodium levels
aldosterone system? trigger the kidneys to release renin.
What is the function of aldosterone in Aldosterone causes the kidneys to retain sodium and
blood pressure regulation? water, increasing blood volume.
What hormone does the pituitary The pituitary gland releases antidiuretic hormone
gland release to regulate water (ADH).
reabsorption?
, How does ADH affect the kidneys? ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidneys'
collecting ducts, concentrating urine and expanding
blood volume.
What is systolic blood pressure systole is during contraction of the heart, this is the
TOP blood presure number, indicating the pressure
in the arteries during contraction
what is diastolic blood pressure diastole is during relaxation of the heart. This is the
bottom BP number indicating the pressure in the
arteries in betwen beats
What is considered a healthy blood Systolic less than 120 and diastolic less than 80
pressure level?
What are the systolic and diastolic Systolic 120-129 and diastolic less than 80
levels for elevated blood pressure?
What are the systolic and diastolic Systolic 130-139 and diastolic 80-89
levels for stage 1 hypertension?
What are the systolic and diastolic Systolic 140 or higher and diastolic 90 or higher
levels for stage 2 hypertension?
What are the systolic and diastolic Systolic over 180 and diastolic over 120
levels for a hypertension crisis?
What is hypertension often referred to Silent killer
as?
What is the primary cause of Slow, unknown cause
hypertension?
What is secondary hypertension Underlying disease
caused by?
