NSG527 MIDTERM VERSION TWO 2026
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE PAPER
◉ Droplet precaution Answer: Large droplets within ~1 meter (3
feet) transmit infection via:
- Coughing, sneezing, talking
- Medical procedures
◉ Example of droplet: Answer: - Diphtheria
- Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
- Meningococcal meningitis
◉ Airborne disease Answer: Very small particles of evaporated
droplets or dust with infectious agent may...
- Remain in air for a long time
- Travel farther than droplets
- Become aerosolized during procedures
◉ Airborne examples: Answer: Tuberculosis and Measles (Rubeola)
◉ Techniques of physical exam Answer: inspect
auscultate
,palpate
percuss
◉ Tools for Physical exam Answer: BP cuff, stethoscope, tuning fork,
otoscope, opthalmoscope, pen light, reflex hammer, pulse ox,
bladder scanner, doppler, etc.)
◉ sethosope when to use bell and diagram Answer: - Bell - murmurs
and bruits (lower sounds)
- Diaphragm- high pitched sounds
◉ apical vs peripheral pulse Answer: assessing for pulse deifcit
radial, brachial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis
◉ Normal ranges for vital signs: Answer: RR: 12 and 20
BP S/D: 90 to 119, 60 to 79
O2: 95% and 100%
◉ Oral temp:
- normal
- Fever
,- Hypothermia Answer: - Normal: 97⁰—98.6⁰ F 36⁰—37⁰ C
- Fever (pyrexia):
>100.4⁰ F >38⁰ C
-
Hypothermia:
< 95⁰ F < 35⁰ C
◉ Temp: C = F = Answer: C = 5/9 (F - 32) F = 9/5(C32)
◉ What influences temperature? Answer: Age, Exercise, Hormones,
Stress, Environment, Circadian Rhythm
◉ Rectal temp: Answer: (99.5⁰) (37.5⁰) vagal stimulation, core temp
◉ Axillary temp: Answer: (97.7⁰) (36.5⁰) often inaccurate
◉ Tympanic temp: Answer: (99.5⁰) (37.5⁰) may be inaccurate, core
temp
◉ Forehead temp: Answer: (94⁰) (34.4⁰) not in acute care
, ◉ Changes for acute in general survey Answer: Extreme anxiety,
acute distress, pallor, cyanosis, and MS change
- behavior, mobility
◉ General survey Answer: - Warm, comfortable, and relaxing room
Begins immediately when meeting a patient (clinic or hospital)
- Make mental notes
- INTRO
- Shake hands (caring and assessment together)
- What is your first impression? Outstanding features?
- Does pt respond to name? Eye contact, smile, clear speech?
- Hand moist? Extend arm? Temp? Texture? Strength? Deformities?
- Conversation? Look ill or well
◉ General survey physical appearance: Answer: Overall appearance
Hygiene and dress
Skin color
Body structure and development
◉ General survey Behavior: Answer: Facial expressions
LOC
speech
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE PAPER
◉ Droplet precaution Answer: Large droplets within ~1 meter (3
feet) transmit infection via:
- Coughing, sneezing, talking
- Medical procedures
◉ Example of droplet: Answer: - Diphtheria
- Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
- Meningococcal meningitis
◉ Airborne disease Answer: Very small particles of evaporated
droplets or dust with infectious agent may...
- Remain in air for a long time
- Travel farther than droplets
- Become aerosolized during procedures
◉ Airborne examples: Answer: Tuberculosis and Measles (Rubeola)
◉ Techniques of physical exam Answer: inspect
auscultate
,palpate
percuss
◉ Tools for Physical exam Answer: BP cuff, stethoscope, tuning fork,
otoscope, opthalmoscope, pen light, reflex hammer, pulse ox,
bladder scanner, doppler, etc.)
◉ sethosope when to use bell and diagram Answer: - Bell - murmurs
and bruits (lower sounds)
- Diaphragm- high pitched sounds
◉ apical vs peripheral pulse Answer: assessing for pulse deifcit
radial, brachial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis
◉ Normal ranges for vital signs: Answer: RR: 12 and 20
BP S/D: 90 to 119, 60 to 79
O2: 95% and 100%
◉ Oral temp:
- normal
- Fever
,- Hypothermia Answer: - Normal: 97⁰—98.6⁰ F 36⁰—37⁰ C
- Fever (pyrexia):
>100.4⁰ F >38⁰ C
-
Hypothermia:
< 95⁰ F < 35⁰ C
◉ Temp: C = F = Answer: C = 5/9 (F - 32) F = 9/5(C32)
◉ What influences temperature? Answer: Age, Exercise, Hormones,
Stress, Environment, Circadian Rhythm
◉ Rectal temp: Answer: (99.5⁰) (37.5⁰) vagal stimulation, core temp
◉ Axillary temp: Answer: (97.7⁰) (36.5⁰) often inaccurate
◉ Tympanic temp: Answer: (99.5⁰) (37.5⁰) may be inaccurate, core
temp
◉ Forehead temp: Answer: (94⁰) (34.4⁰) not in acute care
, ◉ Changes for acute in general survey Answer: Extreme anxiety,
acute distress, pallor, cyanosis, and MS change
- behavior, mobility
◉ General survey Answer: - Warm, comfortable, and relaxing room
Begins immediately when meeting a patient (clinic or hospital)
- Make mental notes
- INTRO
- Shake hands (caring and assessment together)
- What is your first impression? Outstanding features?
- Does pt respond to name? Eye contact, smile, clear speech?
- Hand moist? Extend arm? Temp? Texture? Strength? Deformities?
- Conversation? Look ill or well
◉ General survey physical appearance: Answer: Overall appearance
Hygiene and dress
Skin color
Body structure and development
◉ General survey Behavior: Answer: Facial expressions
LOC
speech
