straighterline microbiology FINAL EXAM| NEWEST VERSION
2026
1. In the nitrogen cycle, which of the following
Nitrogen Fixation
steps involves removal of nitrogen from the
atmosphere by bacteria?
2. If enough H+ ions are added to pure water to raise the 10-8 M
H+ concentration of the solution to ten
times higher than the original
concentration, what is the resulting OH-
concentration of the solution?
3. Fungi are able to reproduce asexually by creating coni- Ottspring
from two par-
diospores and sporangiospores. Which of the ents may have variations in
follow- ing is an accurate explanation for why form and function that
it is advanta- geous that they are also capable contribute to survival
of sexual reproduc- tion? of the species.
4. In a laboratory bacterial cell culture that virus has spread and
has been infected by a virus, plaques are left behind the remains
areas in which... of dead cells.
Photons
5. The sun's energy is delivered as discrete
packets that travel as waves and are called
6. What is a characteristic of aerobic respiration? The process includes
gly-
colysis, the Krebs cycle,
and the electron
transport chain.
7. In completing protein synthesis in a prokaryote, what "Terminate
here."
basic message is carried by a specialized
, codon that has no corresponding tRNA?
8. Microbial drug resistance can be caused by
mutations or by introduction of new genes
into a population.
,Which of the following can only be caused by new enzymes that inacti-
the introduction of new genes into a vate the drug are
population? synthe- sized
They have a high risk for
9. Why do the hands, feet, and breasts have
more lym-
phatic vessels for host defense than other areas of the infection due
to frequent
human body? contact.
10. Penicillin functions as an antimicrobial agent cell wall synthesis.
by in- hibiting bacterial...
11. Which class of eukaryotic microorganisms can be sub-
Protozoa divided into groups such as Mastigophora,
Sarcodina, Ciliophora, and Apicomplexa?
12. Genetic material can be excised from one transposons
chromo- some and directly integrated into
another via...
TH cell
13. What immune cell secretes numerous
cytokines that help to coordinate the
response of other immune cells?
14. What enzymes are used to amplify DNA during PCR? DNA
polymerase
15. Which of the following is a scientific name? Streptococcus
pyogenes
16. Eosin-methylene blue agar, or EMB, is a growing
commonly used bacteriological medium for gram-nega-
, tive bacteria from complex environments. It ditterential and selective
contains two dyes, eosin and methylene blue,
as well as the sugar lactose. Eosin is a pH
indicator that changes col- or when the
medium is acidic, while methylene blue
inhibits the growth of most gram-positive
bacteria. If an organism consumes lactose,
acid will be produced,
2026
1. In the nitrogen cycle, which of the following
Nitrogen Fixation
steps involves removal of nitrogen from the
atmosphere by bacteria?
2. If enough H+ ions are added to pure water to raise the 10-8 M
H+ concentration of the solution to ten
times higher than the original
concentration, what is the resulting OH-
concentration of the solution?
3. Fungi are able to reproduce asexually by creating coni- Ottspring
from two par-
diospores and sporangiospores. Which of the ents may have variations in
follow- ing is an accurate explanation for why form and function that
it is advanta- geous that they are also capable contribute to survival
of sexual reproduc- tion? of the species.
4. In a laboratory bacterial cell culture that virus has spread and
has been infected by a virus, plaques are left behind the remains
areas in which... of dead cells.
Photons
5. The sun's energy is delivered as discrete
packets that travel as waves and are called
6. What is a characteristic of aerobic respiration? The process includes
gly-
colysis, the Krebs cycle,
and the electron
transport chain.
7. In completing protein synthesis in a prokaryote, what "Terminate
here."
basic message is carried by a specialized
, codon that has no corresponding tRNA?
8. Microbial drug resistance can be caused by
mutations or by introduction of new genes
into a population.
,Which of the following can only be caused by new enzymes that inacti-
the introduction of new genes into a vate the drug are
population? synthe- sized
They have a high risk for
9. Why do the hands, feet, and breasts have
more lym-
phatic vessels for host defense than other areas of the infection due
to frequent
human body? contact.
10. Penicillin functions as an antimicrobial agent cell wall synthesis.
by in- hibiting bacterial...
11. Which class of eukaryotic microorganisms can be sub-
Protozoa divided into groups such as Mastigophora,
Sarcodina, Ciliophora, and Apicomplexa?
12. Genetic material can be excised from one transposons
chromo- some and directly integrated into
another via...
TH cell
13. What immune cell secretes numerous
cytokines that help to coordinate the
response of other immune cells?
14. What enzymes are used to amplify DNA during PCR? DNA
polymerase
15. Which of the following is a scientific name? Streptococcus
pyogenes
16. Eosin-methylene blue agar, or EMB, is a growing
commonly used bacteriological medium for gram-nega-
, tive bacteria from complex environments. It ditterential and selective
contains two dyes, eosin and methylene blue,
as well as the sugar lactose. Eosin is a pH
indicator that changes col- or when the
medium is acidic, while methylene blue
inhibits the growth of most gram-positive
bacteria. If an organism consumes lactose,
acid will be produced,
