BIO 201 questions and answers Graded A+
2 kinds of ions
Cations and Anions
Charge of an anion
negative
Charge of a cation
positive
Cations lose electrons
easily
Cations have a high/low electronegativity
low electronegativity
Anions gain electrons
high electronegativity
Electronegativity increases as pull/attraction
Increases
Electronegativity increases as atomic radius
Decreases
What kind of bond forms when there is a large difference in electronegativity?
Ionic bonds
What kind of bond forms when there is a small difference in electronegativity?
Covalent bonds
What is the charge of a non-polar covalent bond?
No charge
What is the charge for a polar covalent bond?
,Positive and Negative
Electronegativity difference of a non-polar covalent bond
0-0.5
Electronegativity difference of a polar covalent bond
0.5-1.9
Electronegativity difference of an ionic bond
1.9-3.5
Cations and anions form _________ bonds
electrostatic
Ionic bonds are very strong but become not strong and break when you
put it in a solution
More electronegative atom takes electron from less electronegative one
Ionization
The forces of attraction between an ion and a polar molecule
Ion-dipole bonds
One non-metal atom shares one or more pairs of electrons with another non-
metal atom so that both acquire full octets
Covalent bonds
Atom with a higher electronegativity develops a partial ____ charge
Negative
Atom with a lower electronegativity develops a partial ____ charge
Positive
Partial charges increase as electronegativity
Increase
, Attraction of forces between the negative end of one polar molecule and the
positive end of another polar molecule
Dipole-dipole
Hydrogen that is covalently bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen with at least
one lone pair
Hydrogen bond
Polar bonds are hydrophilic/hydrophobic
hydrophilic
Non-polar bonds are hydrophilic/hydrophobic
hydrophobic
The strongest chemical bonds are
Covalent bonds
The weakest chemical bonds are
Van der Waals bonds
As concentration increases pH
Increases
Weak acids and bases accept/reject H+ and OH-
Accept
-Condensation
-Releases H2O
-Requires energy
Polymerization
-Hydrolysis reaction
-Consumes H2O
-Releases energy
Depolymerization
2 kinds of ions
Cations and Anions
Charge of an anion
negative
Charge of a cation
positive
Cations lose electrons
easily
Cations have a high/low electronegativity
low electronegativity
Anions gain electrons
high electronegativity
Electronegativity increases as pull/attraction
Increases
Electronegativity increases as atomic radius
Decreases
What kind of bond forms when there is a large difference in electronegativity?
Ionic bonds
What kind of bond forms when there is a small difference in electronegativity?
Covalent bonds
What is the charge of a non-polar covalent bond?
No charge
What is the charge for a polar covalent bond?
,Positive and Negative
Electronegativity difference of a non-polar covalent bond
0-0.5
Electronegativity difference of a polar covalent bond
0.5-1.9
Electronegativity difference of an ionic bond
1.9-3.5
Cations and anions form _________ bonds
electrostatic
Ionic bonds are very strong but become not strong and break when you
put it in a solution
More electronegative atom takes electron from less electronegative one
Ionization
The forces of attraction between an ion and a polar molecule
Ion-dipole bonds
One non-metal atom shares one or more pairs of electrons with another non-
metal atom so that both acquire full octets
Covalent bonds
Atom with a higher electronegativity develops a partial ____ charge
Negative
Atom with a lower electronegativity develops a partial ____ charge
Positive
Partial charges increase as electronegativity
Increase
, Attraction of forces between the negative end of one polar molecule and the
positive end of another polar molecule
Dipole-dipole
Hydrogen that is covalently bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen with at least
one lone pair
Hydrogen bond
Polar bonds are hydrophilic/hydrophobic
hydrophilic
Non-polar bonds are hydrophilic/hydrophobic
hydrophobic
The strongest chemical bonds are
Covalent bonds
The weakest chemical bonds are
Van der Waals bonds
As concentration increases pH
Increases
Weak acids and bases accept/reject H+ and OH-
Accept
-Condensation
-Releases H2O
-Requires energy
Polymerization
-Hydrolysis reaction
-Consumes H2O
-Releases energy
Depolymerization
