1
MANAGEMENT EXIT EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
DETAIL ANSWER & NOTES 2026 VERSION
1. Which one of the following indicates classification of research design based on
purpose of the study?
A. Temporal study designs C. Descriptive study design
B. Cross sectional study design D. Longitudinal study design
Justification
Research is an organized, systematic, data based on critical, objective, scientific investigation into
a specific problem, undertaken with the purpose of finding answers or solutions to it. A Research
Design is the detailed blueprint used to guide a research study toward its objectives. Research can
be classified in to different types based on different bases
Classification of research based on goals (application)
• Pure/ Basic Research is the investigation of problems to further and develop existing
Knowledge.
• Applied Research is done with the intention of applying the results of the findings to solve
specific problems currently being experienced in the organization.
Classification of the research based on approaches
• Quantitative Research; Based on the measurement of quantity or amount. Applicable to
phenomenon that can be expressed in terms of quantity.
• Qualitative Research; Concerned with qualitative phenomena. Is important in behavioral
sciences where the aim is to discover the underlying motives, interests, personality and
attitudes of human beings.
,2
Classification of research based on Specific Objectives (purpose)
• Exploratory Research; Is carried out to investigate the possibilities of undertaking a
particular research study. It Is also called a ‘feasibility study’ or a ‘pilot study’. As its name
implied, such research is aimed at discovering, identifying, and formulating a research
hypothesis rather than their testing. When there are few or no studies that can be referred
such research is needed.
• Descriptive Research; Its major purpose is description of the state of affairs as it exists at
present. It tries to discover answers to the questions who, what, when and sometimes how.
Researcher has no control over the variables, he can only report what has happened or what
is happening.
• Correlation Research or Explanatory research; Its main emphasis is to discover or
establish the existence of a relationship/association/ interdependence between two or more
aspects of a situation. It explains why and how a phenomenon is happening and has
happened.
Classification of research based on the number of contacts
• Cross-sectional studies; Also known as one-shot or status studies. Study some
phenomenon by taking a cross section (only once) of it at one time. They are carried at
once and represent a snapshot of one point in time.
• The before-and-after study design; A before-and-after design can be described as two sets
of cross-sectional observations on the same population. It is comprised of two cross-
sectional observations, the second being undertaken after a certain period, also known as
the pretest/post-test design
• Longitudinal study design; Is used to determine the pattern of change in relation to time.
Longitudinal studies are also useful when you need to collect factual information on a
continuing basis.
Classification of research based on Reference Period
• The Retrospective study design; Retrospective (reviewing past) studies investigate a
phenomenon, situation, problem or issue that has happened in the past.
,3
• The prospective study designs; Prospective studies refer to the likely prevalence of a
phenomenon, situation, problem, attitude or outcome in the future.
• The Retrospective-prospective study design; Retrospective-prospective studies focus on
past trends in a phenomenon and study it into the future.
2. Which types of organizational culture emphasizes rules, policies, procedures,
chain of command, and decision making?
A. Entrepreneurial culture C. Market culture
B. Bureaucratic culture D. Clan culture
Justification
Culture refers to values, beliefs, and customs that exist in a society. Organizational culture is the
shared social knowledge within an organization regarding the rules, norms, and values that shape
the attitudes and behaviors of its employees. Types of Organizational Culture:
✓ Bureaucratic Culture; An organization that emphasizes rules, policies, procedures, chain of
command, and centralized decision making has a bureaucratic culture.
✓ Clan Culture; Tradition, loyalty, personal commitment, extensive socialization,
teamwork, self-management, and social influence are attributes of a clan culture.
✓ Entrepreneurial Culture; Innovation, creativity, risk taking, and aggressively seeking
opportunities illustrate an entrepreneurial culture.
✓ Market Culture; An emphasis on sales growth, increased market share, financial stability,
and profitability are attributes of a market culture.
3. Suppose Mr. Abebe is an employee in the human resource management
department of XYZ Company and after measuring his performance in the assigned
particular task the organization assigns him as a human resource manager of the
company, in this case which human resource management activity is performed by
the organization?
A. Demotion C. Promotion
B. Transfer D. Separation
, 4
Justification
A demotion; is a compulsory reduction in an employee's rank or job title within the organizational
hierarchy of a company, public service department, or other body. A demotion may also lead to
the loss of other privileges associated with a more senior rank and/or a reduction in salary or
benefits. An employee may be demoted for violating the rules of the organization by a behavior
such as excessive lateness, misconduct, or negligence.
Promotion; An improvement in pay, prestige, position and responsibilities of an employee within
his/her organization. A promotion is a move to a higher-level job with more authority,
responsibility and pay. There are three types of promotion
✓ Horizontal Promotion; Involves an increase in responsibilities and pay, and a change in
designation/title. Employees may be promoted to higher ranks in other departments as well.
No change on nature of job
✓ Vertical Promotion; Results in greater responsibility, prestige and pay, together with a
change in the nature of the job. Employees are promoted from one rank to the next higher
rank in the same department.
✓ Dry Promotion; Worker is moved to higher subsequent level hierarchy with greater power,
responsibility, position and no increase salary. Designations are different but no change in
responsibilities. For example, when a university professor is made Head of the Department,
there is no increase in salary
Transfer; A transfer involves a change in the job of an employee without a change in
responsibilities or remuneration. Promotion significant increase in responsibility, status, and
income occurs, but all these elements are stagnant in the transfer. Types of transfer
✓ Production Transfers; Being made for filling the position in such departments having lack
of staff, from the departments having surplus manpower.
✓ Replacement Transfers; This takes place to replace a new employee who has been in the
organization for a long time and thereby giving some relief to an old employee from the
heavy pressure of work.
✓ Versatility transfer; Versatility transfers are affected to make employees versatile and
competent in more than one skill.
MANAGEMENT EXIT EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
DETAIL ANSWER & NOTES 2026 VERSION
1. Which one of the following indicates classification of research design based on
purpose of the study?
A. Temporal study designs C. Descriptive study design
B. Cross sectional study design D. Longitudinal study design
Justification
Research is an organized, systematic, data based on critical, objective, scientific investigation into
a specific problem, undertaken with the purpose of finding answers or solutions to it. A Research
Design is the detailed blueprint used to guide a research study toward its objectives. Research can
be classified in to different types based on different bases
Classification of research based on goals (application)
• Pure/ Basic Research is the investigation of problems to further and develop existing
Knowledge.
• Applied Research is done with the intention of applying the results of the findings to solve
specific problems currently being experienced in the organization.
Classification of the research based on approaches
• Quantitative Research; Based on the measurement of quantity or amount. Applicable to
phenomenon that can be expressed in terms of quantity.
• Qualitative Research; Concerned with qualitative phenomena. Is important in behavioral
sciences where the aim is to discover the underlying motives, interests, personality and
attitudes of human beings.
,2
Classification of research based on Specific Objectives (purpose)
• Exploratory Research; Is carried out to investigate the possibilities of undertaking a
particular research study. It Is also called a ‘feasibility study’ or a ‘pilot study’. As its name
implied, such research is aimed at discovering, identifying, and formulating a research
hypothesis rather than their testing. When there are few or no studies that can be referred
such research is needed.
• Descriptive Research; Its major purpose is description of the state of affairs as it exists at
present. It tries to discover answers to the questions who, what, when and sometimes how.
Researcher has no control over the variables, he can only report what has happened or what
is happening.
• Correlation Research or Explanatory research; Its main emphasis is to discover or
establish the existence of a relationship/association/ interdependence between two or more
aspects of a situation. It explains why and how a phenomenon is happening and has
happened.
Classification of research based on the number of contacts
• Cross-sectional studies; Also known as one-shot or status studies. Study some
phenomenon by taking a cross section (only once) of it at one time. They are carried at
once and represent a snapshot of one point in time.
• The before-and-after study design; A before-and-after design can be described as two sets
of cross-sectional observations on the same population. It is comprised of two cross-
sectional observations, the second being undertaken after a certain period, also known as
the pretest/post-test design
• Longitudinal study design; Is used to determine the pattern of change in relation to time.
Longitudinal studies are also useful when you need to collect factual information on a
continuing basis.
Classification of research based on Reference Period
• The Retrospective study design; Retrospective (reviewing past) studies investigate a
phenomenon, situation, problem or issue that has happened in the past.
,3
• The prospective study designs; Prospective studies refer to the likely prevalence of a
phenomenon, situation, problem, attitude or outcome in the future.
• The Retrospective-prospective study design; Retrospective-prospective studies focus on
past trends in a phenomenon and study it into the future.
2. Which types of organizational culture emphasizes rules, policies, procedures,
chain of command, and decision making?
A. Entrepreneurial culture C. Market culture
B. Bureaucratic culture D. Clan culture
Justification
Culture refers to values, beliefs, and customs that exist in a society. Organizational culture is the
shared social knowledge within an organization regarding the rules, norms, and values that shape
the attitudes and behaviors of its employees. Types of Organizational Culture:
✓ Bureaucratic Culture; An organization that emphasizes rules, policies, procedures, chain of
command, and centralized decision making has a bureaucratic culture.
✓ Clan Culture; Tradition, loyalty, personal commitment, extensive socialization,
teamwork, self-management, and social influence are attributes of a clan culture.
✓ Entrepreneurial Culture; Innovation, creativity, risk taking, and aggressively seeking
opportunities illustrate an entrepreneurial culture.
✓ Market Culture; An emphasis on sales growth, increased market share, financial stability,
and profitability are attributes of a market culture.
3. Suppose Mr. Abebe is an employee in the human resource management
department of XYZ Company and after measuring his performance in the assigned
particular task the organization assigns him as a human resource manager of the
company, in this case which human resource management activity is performed by
the organization?
A. Demotion C. Promotion
B. Transfer D. Separation
, 4
Justification
A demotion; is a compulsory reduction in an employee's rank or job title within the organizational
hierarchy of a company, public service department, or other body. A demotion may also lead to
the loss of other privileges associated with a more senior rank and/or a reduction in salary or
benefits. An employee may be demoted for violating the rules of the organization by a behavior
such as excessive lateness, misconduct, or negligence.
Promotion; An improvement in pay, prestige, position and responsibilities of an employee within
his/her organization. A promotion is a move to a higher-level job with more authority,
responsibility and pay. There are three types of promotion
✓ Horizontal Promotion; Involves an increase in responsibilities and pay, and a change in
designation/title. Employees may be promoted to higher ranks in other departments as well.
No change on nature of job
✓ Vertical Promotion; Results in greater responsibility, prestige and pay, together with a
change in the nature of the job. Employees are promoted from one rank to the next higher
rank in the same department.
✓ Dry Promotion; Worker is moved to higher subsequent level hierarchy with greater power,
responsibility, position and no increase salary. Designations are different but no change in
responsibilities. For example, when a university professor is made Head of the Department,
there is no increase in salary
Transfer; A transfer involves a change in the job of an employee without a change in
responsibilities or remuneration. Promotion significant increase in responsibility, status, and
income occurs, but all these elements are stagnant in the transfer. Types of transfer
✓ Production Transfers; Being made for filling the position in such departments having lack
of staff, from the departments having surplus manpower.
✓ Replacement Transfers; This takes place to replace a new employee who has been in the
organization for a long time and thereby giving some relief to an old employee from the
heavy pressure of work.
✓ Versatility transfer; Versatility transfers are affected to make employees versatile and
competent in more than one skill.
