Full Test Bank: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of
Disease 11th Edition Test Bank | Kumar, Abbas, Aster, Debnath,
Das | Complete Chapters 1–29 Exam Questions & Verified
Answers | Latest 2025/26 Study Guide| A+
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 01: THE CELL AS A UNIT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE .......................................................... 3
CHAPTER 02: CELL INJURY, CELL DEATH, AND ADAPTATIONS ........................................................ 7
CHAPTER 03: INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR ........................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER 04: HEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS, THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE, AND SHOCK ...... 71
CHAPTER 05: GENETIC DISORDERS............................................................................................................ 84
CHAPTER 06: DISEASES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ............................................................................... 99
CHAPTER 07: NEOPLASIA ............................................................................................................................. 121
CHAPTER 08: INFECTIOUS DISEASES ....................................................................................................... 153
CHAPTER 09: ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUTRITIONAL DISEASES .................................................... 180
CHAPTER 10: DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD ................................................................... 197
CHAPTER 11: BLOOD VESSELS ................................................................................................................... 204
CHAPTER 12: THE HEART ............................................................................................................................ 217
CHAPTER 13: DISEASES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS, LYMPH NODES, SPLEEN, AND THYMUS 237
CHAPTER 14: RED BLOOD CELL AND BLEEDING DISORDERS ........................................................ 258
CHAPTER 15: THE LUNG ............................................................................................................................... 278
CHAPTER 16: HEAD AND NECK ................................................................................................................... 309
CHAPTER 17: THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT .................................................................................. 323
CHAPTER 18: LIVER AND GALLBLADDER .............................................................................................. 330
............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 334
CHAPTER 19: THE PANCREAS ..................................................................................................................... 367
CHAPTER 20: THE KIDNEY........................................................................................................................... 386
CHAPTER 21: THE LOWER URINARY TRACT AND MALE GENITAL SYSTEM ............................. 421
CHAPTER 22: THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT ....................................................................................... 432
CHAPTER 23: THE BREAST........................................................................................................................... 457
CHAPTER 24: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ................................................................................................. 474
CHAPTER 25: THE SKIN ................................................................................................................................. 493
CHAPTER 26: BONES, JOINTS, AND SOFT TISSUE TUMORS .............................................................. 504
CHAPTER 27: PERIPHERAL NERVES AND SKELETAL MUSCLES .................................................... 528
CHAPTER 28: THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................................................................................. 535
CHAPTER 29: THE EYE .................................................................................................................................. 569
,Robbins, Cotran & Kumar Pathologic Basis of Disease, 11th edition
Chapter 01: the cell as a unit of health and disease
Multiple choice
Which statement regarding the sodium-potassium pump is correct?
A. The cell's plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
B. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
C. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell compartment.
D. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two potassium ions.
ANS: d. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two potassium ions.
In active transport, for every three sodium ions pumped out, two potassium ions are pumped in.
In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created in the presence
of oxygen?
A. Dissipation of pyruvic acid
B. Initiation of the citric acid cycle
C. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme a
D. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid
ANS: b. Initiation of the citric acid cycle
In the absence of oxygen, pyretic acid is converted into acetyl-coenzyme a, which triggers a series of reactions
known as the krebs cycle, also called the citric acid cycle.
How many adenosine triphosphates (atps) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 34
D. 53
ANS: c. 34
The process of aerobic energy requires oxygen and provides the maximum amount of energy for cellular
function. The process yields 34 atps.
Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell's energy needs?
A. Ribosomes
B. Mitochondria
C. Ribonucleic acids
D. Deoxyribonucleic acids
ANS: b. Mitochondria
Cell types differ in their number of mitochondria according to their energy needs. For example, muscle cells have
abundant mitochondria because they require a high amount of energy to function, whereas bone cells have fewer
mitochondria.
Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
A. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
B. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
C. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
D. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
, ANS: d. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
Exercise stimulates mitochondria found in the muscle cells to create energy. This process is supported by the
increased number of mitochondria found in muscle cells.
When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
A. During endoplasmic reticulum stress
B. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (atp)
C. During a severe hypoxic state
D. During the processing of prohormone
ANS: c. During a severe hypoxic state
When the cells are deprived of adequate oxygen supply, the ribosomal protein synthesis ceases.
Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
A. Cilia
B. Microfilaments
C. Secretory vesicles
D. Endoplasmic reticula
ANS: a. Cilia
Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
A. Actin and myosin
B. Prohormone and tubulin
C. Tubulin and actin
D. Myosin and prohormone
ANS: a. Actin and myosin
Which deficiency causes tay-sachs disease?
A. Proteasome
B. Peroxisome
C. Macrophage
D. Lysosomal enzymes
ANS: d. Lysosomal enzymes
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes such as lysozyme, proteases, and lipases to degrade the ingested foreign
substances and cellular debris. Tay-sachs disease is a rare genetic disorder that is caused by the deficiency of
lysosomal enzymes. It results because of the buildup of lipids in the brain and spinal cord.
Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
A. Accumulation of ganglioside
B. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis
C. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity
D. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system
ANS: d. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system
Adrenoleukodystrophy is associated with dysfunction of the peroxisomes. The disease is characterized by the
accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system. The disease causes the deterioration of the nervous
system and eventually leads to death.
Disease 11th Edition Test Bank | Kumar, Abbas, Aster, Debnath,
Das | Complete Chapters 1–29 Exam Questions & Verified
Answers | Latest 2025/26 Study Guide| A+
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 01: THE CELL AS A UNIT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE .......................................................... 3
CHAPTER 02: CELL INJURY, CELL DEATH, AND ADAPTATIONS ........................................................ 7
CHAPTER 03: INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR ........................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER 04: HEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS, THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE, AND SHOCK ...... 71
CHAPTER 05: GENETIC DISORDERS............................................................................................................ 84
CHAPTER 06: DISEASES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ............................................................................... 99
CHAPTER 07: NEOPLASIA ............................................................................................................................. 121
CHAPTER 08: INFECTIOUS DISEASES ....................................................................................................... 153
CHAPTER 09: ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUTRITIONAL DISEASES .................................................... 180
CHAPTER 10: DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD ................................................................... 197
CHAPTER 11: BLOOD VESSELS ................................................................................................................... 204
CHAPTER 12: THE HEART ............................................................................................................................ 217
CHAPTER 13: DISEASES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS, LYMPH NODES, SPLEEN, AND THYMUS 237
CHAPTER 14: RED BLOOD CELL AND BLEEDING DISORDERS ........................................................ 258
CHAPTER 15: THE LUNG ............................................................................................................................... 278
CHAPTER 16: HEAD AND NECK ................................................................................................................... 309
CHAPTER 17: THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT .................................................................................. 323
CHAPTER 18: LIVER AND GALLBLADDER .............................................................................................. 330
............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 334
CHAPTER 19: THE PANCREAS ..................................................................................................................... 367
CHAPTER 20: THE KIDNEY........................................................................................................................... 386
CHAPTER 21: THE LOWER URINARY TRACT AND MALE GENITAL SYSTEM ............................. 421
CHAPTER 22: THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT ....................................................................................... 432
CHAPTER 23: THE BREAST........................................................................................................................... 457
CHAPTER 24: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ................................................................................................. 474
CHAPTER 25: THE SKIN ................................................................................................................................. 493
CHAPTER 26: BONES, JOINTS, AND SOFT TISSUE TUMORS .............................................................. 504
CHAPTER 27: PERIPHERAL NERVES AND SKELETAL MUSCLES .................................................... 528
CHAPTER 28: THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................................................................................. 535
CHAPTER 29: THE EYE .................................................................................................................................. 569
,Robbins, Cotran & Kumar Pathologic Basis of Disease, 11th edition
Chapter 01: the cell as a unit of health and disease
Multiple choice
Which statement regarding the sodium-potassium pump is correct?
A. The cell's plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
B. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
C. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell compartment.
D. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two potassium ions.
ANS: d. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two potassium ions.
In active transport, for every three sodium ions pumped out, two potassium ions are pumped in.
In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created in the presence
of oxygen?
A. Dissipation of pyruvic acid
B. Initiation of the citric acid cycle
C. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme a
D. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid
ANS: b. Initiation of the citric acid cycle
In the absence of oxygen, pyretic acid is converted into acetyl-coenzyme a, which triggers a series of reactions
known as the krebs cycle, also called the citric acid cycle.
How many adenosine triphosphates (atps) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 34
D. 53
ANS: c. 34
The process of aerobic energy requires oxygen and provides the maximum amount of energy for cellular
function. The process yields 34 atps.
Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell's energy needs?
A. Ribosomes
B. Mitochondria
C. Ribonucleic acids
D. Deoxyribonucleic acids
ANS: b. Mitochondria
Cell types differ in their number of mitochondria according to their energy needs. For example, muscle cells have
abundant mitochondria because they require a high amount of energy to function, whereas bone cells have fewer
mitochondria.
Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
A. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
B. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
C. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
D. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
, ANS: d. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
Exercise stimulates mitochondria found in the muscle cells to create energy. This process is supported by the
increased number of mitochondria found in muscle cells.
When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
A. During endoplasmic reticulum stress
B. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (atp)
C. During a severe hypoxic state
D. During the processing of prohormone
ANS: c. During a severe hypoxic state
When the cells are deprived of adequate oxygen supply, the ribosomal protein synthesis ceases.
Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
A. Cilia
B. Microfilaments
C. Secretory vesicles
D. Endoplasmic reticula
ANS: a. Cilia
Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
A. Actin and myosin
B. Prohormone and tubulin
C. Tubulin and actin
D. Myosin and prohormone
ANS: a. Actin and myosin
Which deficiency causes tay-sachs disease?
A. Proteasome
B. Peroxisome
C. Macrophage
D. Lysosomal enzymes
ANS: d. Lysosomal enzymes
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes such as lysozyme, proteases, and lipases to degrade the ingested foreign
substances and cellular debris. Tay-sachs disease is a rare genetic disorder that is caused by the deficiency of
lysosomal enzymes. It results because of the buildup of lipids in the brain and spinal cord.
Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
A. Accumulation of ganglioside
B. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis
C. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity
D. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system
ANS: d. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system
Adrenoleukodystrophy is associated with dysfunction of the peroxisomes. The disease is characterized by the
accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system. The disease causes the deterioration of the nervous
system and eventually leads to death.
