Complete Study Guide & Practice Questions
And Answers 2026 Latest Updates
SECTION 1: DATABASE FUNDAMENTALS & DATA MODELING
1. What is the main purpose of a database?
A. Store data securely
B. Improve programming performance
C. Organize and manage data efficiently
D. Delete data automatically
Answer: C
Explanation: Databases are designed to organize, store, and retrieve data
efficiently.
2. Which of the following is a collection of related data organized into rows
and columns?
,A. Tuple
B. Table
C. Key
D. Schema
Answer: B
Explanation: A table stores records in rows and attributes in columns.
3. In an Entity‑Relationship (ER) diagram, what does a diamond shape
represent?
A. Entity
B. Attribute
C. Relationship
D. Key
Answer: C
Explanation: Diamonds depict relationships between entities.
4. Which of the following is a primary key?
A. Field that may contain duplicates
,B. A text description
C. A unique identifier for a record
D. A column with NULLs
Answer: C
Explanation: A primary key uniquely identifies each row in a table.
5. What is normalization?
A. Increasing storage
B. Storing duplicates
C. Organizing data to reduce redundancy
D. Encrypting data
Answer: C
Explanation: Normalization reduces redundancy and improves data
integrity.
6. First Normal Form (1NF) requires that:
A. Tables have no primary keys
B. Values are atomic (no repeating groups)
C. All values must be integers
, D. Tables are stored in files
Answer: B
Explanation: 1NF eliminates repeating groups and ensures atomicity.
7. Which normal form requires elimination of partial dependency?
A. 1NF
B. 2NF
C. 3NF
D. BCNF
Answer: B
Explanation: 2NF removes partial dependencies (only applies when there’s a
composite key).
8. A foreign key is used to:
A. Store large text
B. Identify duplicates
C. Link tables together
D. Encrypt data