TAMU BIOL 319 COHN EXAM 2026 TEST BANK
QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
|AGRADE
What is a sessamoid bone? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>A bone that grows with and within a
tendon
What type of bone is the patella? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Sessamoid
What are the two major functions of ligaments? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- Connect bone to
bone
- Hold organs together
In the womb, the early skeletal system comes from __________. - CORRECT ANSWER
>>>Embryonic mesenchyme
At what age does the fetal skeleton begin to ossify? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>8-12 weeks
Define: Osteoprogenitor cells - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- Bone stem cells
- Come from periosteum
- Give way to osteoblasts
What type of division do osteoprogenitor cells undergo to become osteoblasts? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>>Mitosis
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,Define: Periosteum - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Dense connective tissue covering all living bones
What two major structural functions does the periosteum serve? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>-
Allow attachment point for tendons
- Provide scaffolding for vasculature
"Bruised bones" is damage to which structure(s)? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Periosteum
Define: Osteoblasts - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- Come from osteoprogenitor cells
- Secrete collagen and organic matrix to thicken bone
- Give rise to osteocytes
Through what process does an osteoblast become an osteocyte? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>An
osteoblast sinks down into extracellular matrix where it becomes encased in its own lacuna
Define: Osteocyte - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- Former osteoblast
- Maintains bone in its immediate vicinity
Where do osteoclasts come from? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Bone marrow: when blood cells
fuse osteoclasts result
Define: Osteoclast - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- From bone marrow
- Multinuclated
- Destroy bone by secreting HCl
- Destroys collagen/organic matrix by secreting enzymes
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, What cell is primarily responsible for releasing Ca^2+ and PO4^3- into the blood? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>>Osteoclast
Where do osteoclasts collect? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Periosteum and endosteum
Where is long bone growth most highly concentrated? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Epiphyseal plate
What type of cells undergo division to make new cartilage in the epiphyseal plate? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>>Chondrocytes
Define: Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Mitotic growth of tissue
How do chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate undergo apoptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>>Calcification
What is the net result of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate undergoing calcification? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>>Provide material to build new bone for lengthening long bones
Growth occurs in what direction at the epiphyseal plate? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>From
epiphysis to diaphysis
Once calcified chondrocytes reach the diaphysis what happens to them? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>>Osteoclasts dissolve them and osteoblasts use the dissolved material to form new bone
matrix
What are the other names for spongy bone? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- Trabecular bone -
Cancellous bone
3|Page
QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
|AGRADE
What is a sessamoid bone? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>A bone that grows with and within a
tendon
What type of bone is the patella? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Sessamoid
What are the two major functions of ligaments? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- Connect bone to
bone
- Hold organs together
In the womb, the early skeletal system comes from __________. - CORRECT ANSWER
>>>Embryonic mesenchyme
At what age does the fetal skeleton begin to ossify? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>8-12 weeks
Define: Osteoprogenitor cells - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- Bone stem cells
- Come from periosteum
- Give way to osteoblasts
What type of division do osteoprogenitor cells undergo to become osteoblasts? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>>Mitosis
1|Page
,Define: Periosteum - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Dense connective tissue covering all living bones
What two major structural functions does the periosteum serve? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>-
Allow attachment point for tendons
- Provide scaffolding for vasculature
"Bruised bones" is damage to which structure(s)? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Periosteum
Define: Osteoblasts - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- Come from osteoprogenitor cells
- Secrete collagen and organic matrix to thicken bone
- Give rise to osteocytes
Through what process does an osteoblast become an osteocyte? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>An
osteoblast sinks down into extracellular matrix where it becomes encased in its own lacuna
Define: Osteocyte - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- Former osteoblast
- Maintains bone in its immediate vicinity
Where do osteoclasts come from? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Bone marrow: when blood cells
fuse osteoclasts result
Define: Osteoclast - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- From bone marrow
- Multinuclated
- Destroy bone by secreting HCl
- Destroys collagen/organic matrix by secreting enzymes
2|Page
, What cell is primarily responsible for releasing Ca^2+ and PO4^3- into the blood? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>>Osteoclast
Where do osteoclasts collect? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Periosteum and endosteum
Where is long bone growth most highly concentrated? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Epiphyseal plate
What type of cells undergo division to make new cartilage in the epiphyseal plate? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>>Chondrocytes
Define: Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Mitotic growth of tissue
How do chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate undergo apoptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>>Calcification
What is the net result of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate undergoing calcification? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>>Provide material to build new bone for lengthening long bones
Growth occurs in what direction at the epiphyseal plate? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>From
epiphysis to diaphysis
Once calcified chondrocytes reach the diaphysis what happens to them? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>>Osteoclasts dissolve them and osteoblasts use the dissolved material to form new bone
matrix
What are the other names for spongy bone? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- Trabecular bone -
Cancellous bone
3|Page
