NSG 3850 Exam 3: Renal & Gastrointestinal
Pathophysiology Practice Questions and
well verified answers real exam 2025\26
Renal Disorders: Pyelonephritis & Glomerulonephritis
1. A patient with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience which of the following
symptoms?
a. Oliguria and edema
b. Hypertension and flank pain
c. Fever, chills, and costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
d. Polyuria and nocturia
Answer: c
2. The microorganism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is:
a. Streptococcus pyogenes
b. Escherichia coli
c. Klebsiella pneumoniae
d. Proteus mirabilis
Answer: b
3. A nurse is reviewing risk factors for pyelonephritis with a group of nursing students. Which of the
following should be included? (Select all that apply)
a. Pregnancy
b. Diabetes Mellitus
c. Male gender
d. Anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract
Answer: a, b, d
4. The pathophysiological basis of acute glomerulonephritis is best described as:
a. A direct bacterial invasion of the glomeruli
b. An ischemic injury to the nephrons from hypotension
c. An immune complex reaction that damages the glomerular membrane
d. A blockage of the renal tubules by protein casts
Answer: c
, 5. Which urinalysis finding is most consistent with a diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis?
a. Foul-smelling urine and positive nitrites
b. WBC casts and cloudy urine
c. Smokey/cola-colored urine and red blood cell casts
d. Clear urine with a high specific gravity
Answer: c
6. A patient is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. The nurse understands that this condition does
NOT usually cause:
a. Hyperlipidemia
b. Proteinuria
c. Hematuria
d. Generalized edema
Answer: c
7. Which cells are specifically damaged in the kidneys of a patient with nephrotic syndrome, leading to
massive proteinuria?
a. Mesangial cells
b. Juxtaglomerular cells
c. Podocytes
d. Tubular epithelial cells
Answer: c
8. The most prominent manifestation of nephrotic syndrome that is the primary cause of all other
associated symptoms is:
a. Hypoalbuminemia
b. Proteinuria
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Edema
Answer: b
9. A patient with nephrotic syndrome asks why they have high cholesterol. The nurse's response is
based on the knowledge that hyperlipidemia occurs because:
a. The kidneys are excreting too much lipid
b. The liver synthesizes excessive lipids in response to low protein levels
c. The patient's diet is likely high in saturated fats
d. Body fats are catabolized for energy due to protein loss
Answer: b
10. The classic description of urine in a patient with glomerulonephritis is often:
a. Cloudy and foul-smelling
b. Smokey, cola, or tea-colored
c. Dilute and pale
d. Orange-tinged from medication
Answer: b
Renal Disorders: Acute Kidney Injury & Polycystic Kidney Disease
Pathophysiology Practice Questions and
well verified answers real exam 2025\26
Renal Disorders: Pyelonephritis & Glomerulonephritis
1. A patient with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience which of the following
symptoms?
a. Oliguria and edema
b. Hypertension and flank pain
c. Fever, chills, and costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
d. Polyuria and nocturia
Answer: c
2. The microorganism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is:
a. Streptococcus pyogenes
b. Escherichia coli
c. Klebsiella pneumoniae
d. Proteus mirabilis
Answer: b
3. A nurse is reviewing risk factors for pyelonephritis with a group of nursing students. Which of the
following should be included? (Select all that apply)
a. Pregnancy
b. Diabetes Mellitus
c. Male gender
d. Anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract
Answer: a, b, d
4. The pathophysiological basis of acute glomerulonephritis is best described as:
a. A direct bacterial invasion of the glomeruli
b. An ischemic injury to the nephrons from hypotension
c. An immune complex reaction that damages the glomerular membrane
d. A blockage of the renal tubules by protein casts
Answer: c
, 5. Which urinalysis finding is most consistent with a diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis?
a. Foul-smelling urine and positive nitrites
b. WBC casts and cloudy urine
c. Smokey/cola-colored urine and red blood cell casts
d. Clear urine with a high specific gravity
Answer: c
6. A patient is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. The nurse understands that this condition does
NOT usually cause:
a. Hyperlipidemia
b. Proteinuria
c. Hematuria
d. Generalized edema
Answer: c
7. Which cells are specifically damaged in the kidneys of a patient with nephrotic syndrome, leading to
massive proteinuria?
a. Mesangial cells
b. Juxtaglomerular cells
c. Podocytes
d. Tubular epithelial cells
Answer: c
8. The most prominent manifestation of nephrotic syndrome that is the primary cause of all other
associated symptoms is:
a. Hypoalbuminemia
b. Proteinuria
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Edema
Answer: b
9. A patient with nephrotic syndrome asks why they have high cholesterol. The nurse's response is
based on the knowledge that hyperlipidemia occurs because:
a. The kidneys are excreting too much lipid
b. The liver synthesizes excessive lipids in response to low protein levels
c. The patient's diet is likely high in saturated fats
d. Body fats are catabolized for energy due to protein loss
Answer: b
10. The classic description of urine in a patient with glomerulonephritis is often:
a. Cloudy and foul-smelling
b. Smokey, cola, or tea-colored
c. Dilute and pale
d. Orange-tinged from medication
Answer: b
Renal Disorders: Acute Kidney Injury & Polycystic Kidney Disease
