KNR 311 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

KNR 311 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 What is validity - Answers The accuracy of the measurements yielded by the device What is reliability - Answers consistency of measurement What is sensitivity - Answers precision What is reactivity - Answers picking up other movements What is feasibility - Answers The usefulness of the device - how accessible, expensive, and available the device is Which type of device gives high feasibility and low validity - Answers Questionnaire Which type of device gives high validity and low feasibility? - Answers Doubly labeled water Order of assessment techniques from most feasible (least valid) to least feasible (most valid) - Answers Questionnaire Diary Pedometers HR monitors Accelerometers Direct observation I. calorimetry DLW How many steps did men and women average per day in the amish community? - Answers Well over 10,000 steps per day Strengths of self-reporting - Answers Low time, cost, work commitment (feasible) Both energy expenditure and minutes of activity can be identified Can identify time-frame easily Allows determination of the "dimensions" of PA w/ both qualitative and quantitative information Limitations of self-reporting - Answers Biased towards structured, high intensity exercise Low-moderate validity and reliability Not good for PA minute estimation Participant ignorance Poor recall in certain groups Potential content validity problems Social desirability NHANES self report vs. accelerometry - Answers self-report = 70% of population is predominantly sedentary Accelerometry = 94% Positive correlation coefficient - Answers r = +1 Negative correlation coefficient - Answers r = -1 No correlation coefficient - Answers r = 0.00 Pedometers - Answers provides information on ambulatory PA, $20-$300 Construct validity with minutes/EE Target steps per day - Answers 10,000 Number of daily steps for amish men - Answers 20,000 Number of daily steps for amish women - Answers 15,000 Strengths of pedometer - Answers Objective Inexpensive and easy to use Moderate validity Interpretable Specific targets exist for prescription Limitations of pedometers - Answers Doesn't capture all PA Not direct minutes of PA or EE Reactivity is questionable Accelerometers measure - Answers change in velocity and can measure movement in three dimensions Outcome measures of accelerometers - Answers Average movement count (total activity) Equations to predict EE from movement counts Time spent being active Number of bouts of activity Measurement issues in accelerometry - Answers Validity - strong positive correlations between accelerometer and indirect calorimetry executed in lab setting (lab CC is 0.8-0.9 while field is 0.4-0.6) Inter-instrument reliability is consistently high Sensitive to change Non-reactive Acceptable to subject Unit cost = $200-500 Interface cost = $500 Limitations of accelerometers - Answers Not sensitive some movements Not sensitive to grade change (up or downhill) Not sensitive to increased weight (carrying objects) Restricted to mainly ambulatory activity Pattern recognition monitors - Answers Combine multiple PA assessment methods High validity Cost = $80-5000 Aim to maintain feasibility while improving validity by incorporating many different methods of monitoring PA in one device Sitting disease - Answers The concept that the more you sit, the less healthy you will be Time spent by adults in various modes of activity/inactivity - Answers 36% light (IPA) 63% sedentary 1% MVPA Time spent by adolescents in various modes of activity/inactivity - Answers 55.7% sedentary 41.1% light 2.2% moderate 0.7% vigorous Time spent by children in various modes of activity/inactivity - Answers 80% sedentary 16% light 4% MVPA Total energy expenditure - Answers Resting metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, thermic effect of physical activity Percentages of daily energy expenditure - Answers 60-70% Resting metabolic rate 20-30% activity 10% thermic effect of food Non-exercise activity thermogenesis - Answers AEE fidgeting, maintain posture, other activities of daily life usually light intensity Most caloric expenditure comes from - Answers Incidental physical activity also known as non-exercise activity thermogenesis Metabolic syndrome symptoms - Answers Increased blood pressure High blood sugar Excess body fat around the waist Abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels Increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes How many cases of metabolic syndrome per year in the US - Answers more than 3 million Percentage of US population with metabolic syndrome - Answers 32% metabolic syndrome 85% of those with type 2 diabetes have metabolic syndrome Prevalence of metabolic syndrome with aging - Answers Increases with age About 40% of people over 60 are affected Metabolic syndrome is defined by - Answers Abdominal obesity Serum triglycerides over 150 mg/dl Abdominal obesity Which symptom of metabolic syndrome can be executed outside of an official lab setting - Answers Abdominal obesity Causes of metabolic syndrome - Answers Overweight/obesity and inactivity Insulin resistance Genetics Family history of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and early heart disease Weight gain